Iddrisu Abdul-Karim, Adam Mohammed
Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Energy and Natural Resources Sunyani Ghana.
Health Sci Rep. 2023 Oct 25;6(10):e1650. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.1650. eCollection 2023 Oct.
This study aimed to understand the relationship between body mass index (BMI), diabetes and hypertension history, and other risk of hypertension among Ghanaians.
The BMI data are categorized according to the World Health Organization (WHO) definition. The data were obtained from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (WHO SAGE) Ghana Wave 2. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the variables, and the association between these variables and hypertension was assessed using the ². Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between hypertension and different BMI levels and other variables.
Obesity class II individuals have about a 4-fold higher risk of developing hypertension compared to underweight individuals. Obesity class III, class I, and preobesity individuals have approximately a 3-fold higher risk. Normal weight is associated with increased hypertension risk. Both males and females show a significant increase in hypertension risk across all BMI categories. History of hypertension is linked to a 2.2-fold increased risk. Diabetes history is associated with hypertension when considering other factors. Elevated hypertension risk is observed among married, divorced, and widowed males then never married males. Only widowed females showed an increased risk. Older age significantly increases hypertension risk, particularly in females. Vegetable servings reduce hypertension risk, while fruit servings are associated with an increased risk. Vigorous exercise increases hypertension risk, particularly in females.
Regular check-ups are recommended for married, divorced, and widowed males, focusing on blood pressure (BP) levels. Regular exercise from young age helps lower BP in later years. Individuals with a history of hypertension should follow BP control measures. Encouraging the consumption of the right combination of vegetables and fruits can help lower BP. Female tobacco smoking should be strongly discouraged due to a 54% increased risk of developing hypertension.
本研究旨在了解加纳人群中体重指数（BMI）、糖尿病和高血压病史以及其他高血压风险因素之间的关系。
BMI数据根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的定义进行分类。数据来自WHO全球老龄化与成人健康研究（WHO SAGE）加纳第二轮调查。使用描述性统计来汇总变量，并使用卡方检验评估这些变量与高血压之间的关联。多变量逻辑回归用于检验高血压与不同BMI水平及其他变量之间的关系。
与体重过轻的个体相比，II级肥胖个体患高血压的风险高出约4倍。III级肥胖、I级肥胖和肥胖前期个体的风险约高出3倍。正常体重与高血压风险增加有关。男性和女性在所有BMI类别中患高血压的风险均显著增加。高血压病史与风险增加2.2倍相关。考虑其他因素时，糖尿病病史与高血压有关。已婚、离异和丧偶男性的高血压风险高于从未结婚的男性。只有丧偶女性的风险增加。年龄较大显著增加高血压风险，尤其是女性。食用蔬菜可降低高血压风险，而食用水果则与风险增加有关。剧烈运动增加高血压风险，尤其是女性。
建议对已婚、离异和丧偶男性进行定期体检，重点关注血压水平。从年轻时开始定期锻炼有助于降低晚年的血压。有高血压病史的个体应遵循血压控制措施。鼓励食用正确组合的蔬菜和水果有助于降低血压。由于患高血压的风险增加54%，应强烈劝阻女性吸烟。
