Jayawardana N W I A, Jayalath W A T A, Madhujith W M T, Ralapanawa U, Jayasekera R S, Alagiyawanna S A S B, Bandara A M K R, Kalupahana N S
Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2017 Jun 21;17(1):165. doi: 10.1186/s12872-017-0600-8.
Lifestyle factors associated with hypertension (HT) in South Asian populations are relatively unknown. The objective of the current study was to investigate the prevalence rates of undiagnosed HT and factors associated with it in a cohort of males from the Central Province of Sri Lanka.
The study group consisted of 2462 males (mean age 31 years, range: 16-72 years) who underwent a routine medical examination at the National Transport Medical Institute, Kandy, Sri Lanka. Participants with previously diagnosed heart disease, diabetes, hypertension or other chronic illnesses were excluded from this study. Dietary and other lifestyle factors were studied using validated self-administered questionnaires. Body Mass Index (BMI) cut-off values for Asians were used to categorize the subjects according to weight status. The association of individual dietary and lifestyle patterns with HT was assessed by fitting into binary logistic regression models.
The mean systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressures (DBP) of the individuals were 125.9 mmHg and 80.5 mmHg, respectively. The prevalence rate of undiagnosed HT was 31.7%. Both SBP and DBP showed significant positive correlations with age, weight, BMI and waist circumference. After adjusting for potential confounders, HT was associated with older age (p = 0.001) and increased weight status (p < 0.001) with trends of association for level of education (p = 0.058). Level of income, alcohol consumption, sleeping hours, smoking, physical activity level, ethnic difference, consumption of fruits, fish, meat, dairy, sweets or fried snacks were not significantly associated with HT. Obese males were 92.1% [odds ratio: 1.9 (1.4-2.7)] more likely to be hypertensive compared to normal weight males.
Undiagnosed HT is prevalent at an alarming rate among adult males in the Central Province of Sri Lanka. Its association with age and BMI (weight status) highlights the importance of routine screening for HT as well as interventions targeted at reducing obesity to curb the rise of this modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factor.
南亚人群中与高血压（HT）相关的生活方式因素相对尚不明确。本研究的目的是调查斯里兰卡中央省一组男性队列中未诊断出的高血压患病率及其相关因素。
研究组由2462名男性（平均年龄31岁，范围：16 - 72岁）组成，他们在斯里兰卡康提的国家交通医学研究所接受了常规体检。先前诊断患有心脏病、糖尿病、高血压或其他慢性疾病的参与者被排除在本研究之外。使用经过验证的自填问卷研究饮食和其他生活方式因素。根据亚洲人的身体质量指数（BMI）临界值，按照体重状况对受试者进行分类。通过纳入二元逻辑回归模型评估个体饮食和生活方式模式与高血压的关联。
个体的平均收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）分别为125.9 mmHg和80.5 mmHg。未诊断出的高血压患病率为31.7%。收缩压和舒张压均与年龄、体重、BMI和腰围呈显著正相关。在调整潜在混杂因素后，高血压与年龄较大（p = 0.001）和体重状况增加（p < 0.001）相关，教育水平也有相关趋势（p = 0.058）。收入水平、饮酒、睡眠时间、吸烟、身体活动水平、种族差异、水果、鱼类、肉类、乳制品、甜食或油炸零食的消费与高血压无显著关联。与正常体重男性相比，肥胖男性患高血压的可能性高92.1% [比值比：1.9（1.4 - 2.7）]。
在斯里兰卡中央省的成年男性中，未诊断出的高血压患病率惊人。其与年龄和BMI（体重状况）的关联凸显了对高血压进行常规筛查以及针对减少肥胖的干预措施以遏制这种可改变的心血管疾病危险因素上升的重要性。
