Baddam Anusha, Akuma Ogbonnaya, Raj Rohan, Akuma Chinaza M, Augustine Sana W, Sheikh Hanafi Ihab, Singh Gauravdeep, Zain Ahmer, Azizz Nasihudeen, Singh Manjeet, Makheja Kainat, Rahul Fnu, Khan Aadil
Medicine and Surgery, Malla Reddy Medical College for Women, Hyderabad, IND.
Internal Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, NGA.
Cureus. 2023 Sep 28;15(9):e46155. doi: 10.7759/cureus.46155. eCollection 2023 Sep.
Objectives Cholelithiasis poses a considerable medical burden worldwide. While its pathogenesis is multifactorial, identifying the key risk factors is essential for understanding the disease and improving patient care. This study aims to investigate the potential associations between demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables and the development of cholelithiasis. Methods This single-center retrospective study was conducted at Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India, over one month. A total of 200 patients diagnosed with cholelithiasis were included. Data were extracted from electronic health records and the patients using a questionnaire, including demographic information (age, gender), clinical data including body mass index (BMI), and comorbidities. Statistical analyses were conducted to determine the associations between risk factors and cholelithiasis. Results The frequency of cholelithiasis is found to be higher in the female gender and patients with obesity, sedentary lifestyle and hypertension as compared to male patients, and the risk of cholelithiasis also increases with age. Females demonstrated a higher prevalence of cholelithiasis, with an odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) of 1.4, 95% CI [1.1, 1.7], p < 0.05). Obese individuals (BMI ≥ 30) had 2.2 times higher odds of cholelithiasis compared to those with normal BMI (< 24.9) (OR = 2.2, 95% CI [1.7, 2.9], p < 0.001). The presence of diabetes significantly increased the odds of cholelithiasis by 1.6 times (OR = 1.6, 95% CI [1.2, 2.1], p < 0.01). Overweight individuals (BMI: 25-29.9) were associated with 1.4 times higher odds of cholelithiasis (OR = 1.4, 95% CI [1.1, 1.9], p < 0.05). Conclusion Our study identified age, gender, BMI, diabetes, and obesity as significant risk factors for cholelithiasis. These findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions and lifestyle modifications to mitigate cholelithiasis risk and improve patient outcomes. Further research, including prospective multicentric studies, must validate these findings and explore potential underlying mechanisms.
胆石症在全球范围内造成了相当大的医疗负担。虽然其发病机制是多因素的，但确定关键风险因素对于理解该疾病和改善患者护理至关重要。本研究旨在调查人口统计学、临床和实验室变量与胆石症发生之间的潜在关联。方法：本单中心回顾性研究在印度海得拉巴的马勒·雷迪医学科学研究所进行，为期一个月。共纳入200例诊断为胆石症的患者。通过问卷从电子健康记录和患者中提取数据，包括人口统计学信息（年龄、性别）、临床数据（包括体重指数（BMI））和合并症。进行统计分析以确定风险因素与胆石症之间的关联。结果：与男性患者相比，发现女性、肥胖、久坐不动的生活方式和高血压患者的胆石症发病率更高，且胆石症风险也随年龄增加而增加。女性胆石症患病率更高，优势比（OR）和置信区间（CI）为1.4，95%CI[1.1,1.7]，p<0.05）。肥胖个体（BMI≥30）患胆石症的几率是BMI正常（<24.9）者的2.2倍（OR=2.2，95%CI[1.7,2.9]，p<0.001）。糖尿病的存在使胆石症几率显著增加1.6倍（OR=1.6，95%CI[1.2,2.1]，p<0.01）。超重个体（BMI：25 - 29.9）患胆石症的几率高1.4倍（OR=1.4，95%CI[1.1,1.9]，p<0.05）。结论：我们的研究确定年龄、性别、BMI、糖尿病和肥胖是胆石症的重要风险因素。这些发现强调了针对性干预和生活方式改变以降低胆石症风险和改善患者预后的重要性。包括前瞻性多中心研究在内的进一步研究必须验证这些发现并探索潜在的潜在机制。
