Saccone Valentina, Trillocco Simona, Moneglia Massimo
LABLITA Laboratory, Department of "Lettere e Filosofia", University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Front Psychol. 2023 Oct 12;14:1233176. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1233176. eCollection 2023.
The speech of individuals with schizophrenia exhibits atypical prosody and pragmatic dysfunctions, producing monotony. The paper presents the outcomes of corpus-based research on the prosodic features of the pathology as they manifest in real-life spontaneous interactions. The research relies on a corpus of schizophrenic speech recorded during psychiatric interviews (CIPPS) compared to a sampling of non-pathological speech derived from the LABLITA corpus of spoken Italian, which has been selected according to comparability requirements. Corpora has been intensively analyzed in the Language into Act Theory (L-AcT) frame, which links prosodic cues and pragmatic values. A cluster of linguistic parameters marked by prosody has been considered: utterance boundaries, information structure, speech disfluency, and prosodic prominence. The speech flow of patients turns out to be organized into small chunks of information that are shorter and scarcely structured, with an atypical proportion of post-nuclear information units (Appendix). It is pervasively scattered with silences, especially with long pauses between utterances and long silences at turn-taking. Fluency is hindered by retracing phenomena that characterize complex information structures. The acoustic parameters that give rise to prosodic prominence (f0 mean, f0 standard deviation, spectral emphasis, and intensity variation) have been measured considering the pragmatic roles of the prosodic units, distinguishing prominences within the illocutionary units (Comment) from those characterizing Topic units. Patients show a flattening of the Comment-prominence, reflecting impairments in performing the illocutionary activity. Reduced values of spectral emphasis and intensity variation also suggest a lack of engagement in communication. Conversely, Topic-prominence shows higher values for f0 standard deviation and spectral emphasis, suggesting effort when defining the domain of relevance of the illocutionary force. When comparing Topic and Comment-prominences of patients, the former consistently exhibit higher values across all parameters. In contrast, the non-pathological group displays the opposite pattern.
精神分裂症患者的言语表现出非典型韵律和语用功能障碍，导致言语单调。本文呈现了基于语料库的研究结果，该研究探讨了这种病理状态在现实生活中的自发互动中所表现出的韵律特征。该研究依赖于在精神病访谈期间记录的精神分裂症患者言语语料库（CIPPS），并与从意大利语口语LABLITA语料库中选取的非病理言语样本进行比较，该样本是根据可比性要求选取的。语料库在“语言付诸行动理论”（L-AcT）框架内进行了深入分析，该框架将韵律线索和语用价值联系起来。研究考虑了一组以韵律为特征的语言参数：话语边界、信息结构、言语不流畅性和韵律突出性。结果发现，患者的言语流被组织成短小且结构松散的信息块，核后信息单元的比例不典型（附录）。言语中普遍散布着沉默，尤其是话语之间的长时间停顿和话轮转换时的长时间沉默。复杂信息结构所特有的回溯现象阻碍了言语流畅性。在考虑韵律单元的语用作用的情况下，测量了产生韵律突出性的声学参数（f0均值、f0标准差、频谱强调和强度变化），区分了言外行为单元（评论）内的突出性与主题单元所特有的突出性。患者表现出评论突出性的扁平化，反映出在执行言外行为时存在障碍。频谱强调和强度变化值的降低也表明在沟通中缺乏参与度。相反，主题突出性在f0标准差和频谱强调方面显示出较高的值，表明在定义言外之力的相关领域时付出了努力。在比较患者的主题突出性和评论突出性时，前者在所有参数上始终表现出更高的值。相比之下，非病理组则呈现相反的模式。
