College of Nursing, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
College of Nursing, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Norfolk, NE, USA.
West J Nurs Res. 2023 Dec;45(12):1150-1164. doi: 10.1177/01939459231208418. Epub 2023 Oct 30.
Urinary incontinence (UI) affects approximately 60% of women in the United States and negatively impacts self-esteem, sexual function, participation in social activities, and quality of life (QOL). Self-management interventions show promise for improving UI symptoms and QOL. Previous reviews of UI self-management studies have focused on outcomes for older women. However, the literature lacks a synthesis of methodologies of these studies.
The purpose of this integrative review was to synthesize and evaluate methodologies used in studies of self-management interventions for UI in adult women.
Using an integrative review approach, a search of PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase was conducted yielding 1404 results, 23 of which met inclusion criteria. Data abstracted from each article included author(s), year of publication, study design and purpose, sample, country and setting, measures of UI symptoms, and intervention description.
Findings showed methodological differences, particularly in design, assessment of UI subtypes, measures of UI symptoms, and intervention components. Multicomponent self-management interventions were used in 18 studies and 1 component used in 5 studies. Education, pelvic floor muscle exercises, and bladder training were the intervention components most frequently used, either alone or in combination; however, intervention components were not consistently aligned with the UI subtypes. Analysis of ethical matters revealed areas for improvement, specifically in reporting privacy and confidentiality and in methods to obtain informed consent.
Results highlight opportunities to improve the rigor of methodologies used in studies of self-management interventions for UI in adult women.
尿失禁（UI）影响了大约 60%的美国女性，并对自尊心、性功能、参与社交活动和生活质量（QOL）产生负面影响。自我管理干预措施显示出改善 UI 症状和 QOL 的潜力。以前对 UI 自我管理研究的综述重点关注老年女性的结局。然而，文献缺乏对这些研究方法的综合。
本综合评价旨在综合评估成人女性 UI 自我管理干预研究中使用的方法学。
采用综合评价方法，对 PubMed、CINAHL 和 Embase 进行检索，共获得 1404 项结果，其中 23 项符合纳入标准。从每篇文章中提取的数据包括作者、发表年份、研究设计和目的、样本、国家和地点、UI 症状测量以及干预描述。
研究结果显示方法学存在差异，特别是在设计、UI 亚型评估、UI 症状测量和干预组成部分方面。18 项研究使用了多组分自我管理干预，5 项研究使用了单一组分。教育、盆底肌肉锻炼和膀胱训练是最常使用的干预组成部分，无论是单独使用还是联合使用；然而，干预组成部分与 UI 亚型并不完全一致。对伦理问题的分析显示出需要改进的地方，特别是在报告隐私和保密性以及获得知情同意的方法方面。
研究结果强调了在成人女性 UI 自我管理干预研究中改进方法学严谨性的机会。
