From the Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil (GSS, TBL, GC); and Institute of Health, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil (DEP, AVBS, IMSR, GC).
Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2024 May 1;103(5):377-383. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000002352. Epub 2023 Oct 29.
The aim of the study is to verify the effects of a 3-mo dual-task training on motor and cognitive functions in community-dwelling older adults.
In this prospective, single-blinded, controlled clinical trial, a total of 40 participants were allocated to either the experimental or the control (no-exercise) group. The intervention program consisted of a combination of motor and cognitive exercises conducted twice a week on nonconsecutive days. The main outcome measures were postural stability, mobility, fear of falling, and cognitive functions. Multiple analyses of variance were used to assess the impact of the dual-task training. Effect sizes (η 2 p) were reported. Significance was set at 5%.
Compared with the control group, participants who underwent the dual-task training showed positive outcomes in terms of postural stability (η 2 p = 0.298, P = 0.020), mobility (η 2 p = 0.285, P = 0.003), and cognitive functions (η 2 p = 0.536, P = 0.001). No significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of the fear of falling ( P = 0.566).
Three-month dual-task training was beneficial for postural control, mobility, and cognitive functions in community-dwelling older adults. Based on the present findings, healthcare professionals should consider incorporating dual-task training into clinical practice.
本研究旨在验证为期 3 个月的双重任务训练对社区居住的老年人运动和认知功能的影响。
在这项前瞻性、单盲、对照临床试验中，共有 40 名参与者被分配到实验组或对照组（无运动组）。干预方案包括每周两次在非连续日进行的运动和认知相结合的练习。主要结局指标是姿势稳定性、移动能力、跌倒恐惧和认知功能。采用多变量方差分析评估双重任务训练的影响。报告了效应大小（η 2 p）。显著性设为 5%。
与对照组相比，接受双重任务训练的参与者在姿势稳定性（η 2 p = 0.298，P = 0.020）、移动能力（η 2 p = 0.285，P = 0.003）和认知功能（η 2 p = 0.536，P = 0.001）方面表现出积极的结果。在跌倒恐惧方面，两组之间无显著差异（P = 0.566）。
3 个月的双重任务训练对社区居住的老年人的姿势控制、移动能力和认知功能有益。基于目前的研究结果，医疗保健专业人员应考虑将双重任务训练纳入临床实践。
