Terra de Oliveira Renata, Lino Tayla Borges, Scarmagnan Gabriella Simões, Miziara Barbosa Suzi Rosa, de Souza Pegorare Ana Beatriz Gomes, Christofoletti Gustavo
School of Medicine, Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande 79060-900, Brazil.
Brain Sci. 2024 Jul 13;14(7):703. doi: 10.3390/brainsci14070703.
Several therapies have been developed to reduce cognitive decline associated with aging. Aquatic exercises, which are widely used to enhance functional capacity, may play a role in stimulating cognitive functions. This study investigated the effects of a 3-month aquatic exercise program on cognitive functions in community-dwelling older adults. In this prospective, single-blinded, controlled clinical trial, 31 participants were allocated to either the experimental (aquatic exercises) or control (no-exercise) group. The intervention program consisted of exercises conducted twice a week in a 1.2 m deep indoor pool. The main outcome measures were cognitive functions, assessed using Raven's Progressive Matrices test and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. A repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to assess the impact of the exercise program. The effect sizes () were reported when a level of significance was achieved ( < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the participants who underwent aquatic exercises showed positive outcomes in Raven's Progressive Matrices test ( = 0.046; = 0.131) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test = 0.001, = 0.589). Complementary analyses of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test indicated that the benefits of the aquatic exercise were observed in terms of the number of trials ( = 0.001, = 0.478), number of errors ( = 0.001, = 0.458), and number of non-perseverative errors ( = 0.001, = 0.302). The results indicate that a period of three months of aquatic exercise was beneficial for stimulating specific aspects of the cognitive function of community-dwelling older individuals. Aquatic exercise should be prescribed to this population.
已经开发了几种疗法来减少与衰老相关的认知衰退。广泛用于增强功能能力的水上运动可能在刺激认知功能方面发挥作用。本研究调查了为期3个月的水上运动计划对社区居住老年人认知功能的影响。在这项前瞻性、单盲、对照临床试验中，31名参与者被分配到实验组（水上运动）或对照组（无运动）。干预计划包括每周在1.2米深的室内游泳池进行两次运动。主要结局指标是认知功能，使用瑞文渐进矩阵测验和威斯康星卡片分类测验进行评估。采用重复测量方差分析来评估运动计划的影响。当达到显著水平（<0.05）时报告效应量（）。与对照组相比，进行水上运动的参与者在瑞文渐进矩阵测验（=0.046；=0.131）和威斯康星卡片分类测验（=0.001，=0.589）中显示出积极结果。威斯康星卡片分类测验的补充分析表明，在试验次数（=0.001，=0.478）、错误次数（=0.001，=0.458）和非持续性错误次数（=0.001，=0.302）方面观察到了水上运动的益处。结果表明，为期三个月的水上运动对刺激社区居住老年人认知功能的特定方面有益。应该为这一人群开出处方进行水上运动。
