Centre NUTRISS (Nutrition, Santé et Société), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF).
Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
Curr Opin Lipidol. 2024 Feb 1;35(1):1-6. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000908. Epub 2023 Nov 1.
This review aims to provide an in-depth perspective on the importance of diet for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH).
Even though data on diet and CVD prevention in HeFH are limited, the currently available evidence supports its cholesterol-lowering effect and its favorable association with CVD risk on the long-term. However, qualitative evidence from individuals with HeFH suggests that there is a common perception that diet is useless compared to medication, and this misconception serves as a barrier to healthy eating. On the other hand, evidence also suggests that individuals with HeFH are at higher risk of eating disorders compared with unaffected individuals. Family history of premature death and the chronic nature of the disease would be in cause.
Emphasizing a healthy diet needs to remain at the foundation of CVD prevention in HeFH. Evidence are limited but supportive of the cholesterol-lowering and cardioprotective potential effects of diet. Engaging in conversations about healthy dieting with individuals in HeFH is likely to help prevent misconceptions about diet. Additionally, it could help reduce the risk of eating disorders, which, altogether, is likely to improve overall CVD prevention.
综述目的：本文旨在深入探讨饮食对于杂合子家族性高胆固醇血症（HeFH）患者心血管疾病（CVD）预防的重要性。
最新发现：尽管关于 HeFH 患者饮食与 CVD 预防的数据有限，但目前的证据支持其降低胆固醇的作用，以及其与长期 CVD 风险的有利关联。然而，来自 HeFH 患者的定性证据表明，与药物相比，人们普遍认为饮食是无效的，这种误解成为健康饮食的障碍。另一方面，证据还表明，与未受影响的个体相比，HeFH 患者更有可能出现饮食失调。家族早逝史和疾病的慢性性质是导致这一情况的原因。
总结：在 HeFH 患者的 CVD 预防中，强调健康饮食仍然是基础。目前的证据有限，但支持饮食具有降低胆固醇和保护心脏的潜在作用。与 HeFH 患者进行关于健康饮食的对话，可能有助于预防对饮食的误解。此外，这还有助于降低饮食失调的风险，从而整体上改善 CVD 的预防效果。
