Spring Amy, Ackert Elizabeth, Roche Sarah, Parris Dionne, Crowder Kyle, Kravitz-Wirtz Nicole
Department of Sociology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
J Marriage Fam. 2023 Aug;85(4):962-86. doi: 10.1111/jomf.12911. Epub 2023 Feb 17.
: This study examined changes in geographic proximity to family members among race and income groups in the United States from 1981 to 2017.
: Close geographic proximity to family members can facilitate mutual support and strengthen family bonds. Some scholars argue that institutional sources of support have replaced many core family functions, which might mean that households are likely to live increasingly farther away from family. Advancing technology and changing labor market opportunities might reinforce this pattern. Yet, the ongoing cultural and emotional salience of family might curtail the effects of these factors on the increasing distance to family.
: We conducted a quantitative analysis of longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). We utilized the multigenerational structure of the PSID and restricted-use geocodes to map kin proximity at every interview from 1981 to 2017. We cross-classified our sample by race and income, focusing on Black and White respondents across income quartiles ( = 171,501 person-periods).
: High-income White respondents showed the greatest increases in distance from kin over time, whereas proximity to kin among other race-income groups was relatively stable.
: Proximate kin has become less central in the lives of high-income White households over time, whereas close proximity to kin has been the norm over time for other racial and income groups. These results have implications for racial and income differences in kin relations over time.
本研究考察了1981年至2017年美国不同种族和收入群体与家庭成员地理距离的变化情况。
与家庭成员在地理上的近距离有助于相互支持并加强家庭纽带。一些学者认为，制度性支持来源已经取代了许多核心家庭功能，这可能意味着家庭可能会越来越远离家人居住。技术进步和劳动力市场机会的变化可能会强化这种模式。然而，家庭持续存在的文化和情感重要性可能会削弱这些因素对与家人距离增加的影响。
我们对收入动态面板研究（PSID）的纵向数据进行了定量分析。我们利用PSID的多代结构和受限使用的地理编码来绘制1981年至2017年每次访谈时亲属的亲近程度。我们按种族和收入对样本进行交叉分类，重点关注各收入四分位数中的黑人和白人受访者（共171,501人 - 时期）。
随着时间的推移，高收入白人受访者与亲属的距离增加最多，而其他种族 - 收入群体与亲属的亲近程度相对稳定。
随着时间的推移，近亲在高收入白人家庭生活中的核心地位逐渐降低，而与亲属保持近距离一直是其他种族和收入群体的常态。这些结果对亲属关系随时间的种族和收入差异具有启示意义。
