Ruíz-Hernández Marta, Mur-Gomar Raúl, Montejano-Lozoya Raimunda
Enfermera Residente de Salud Mental; Hospital Rey Juan Carlos. Móstoles (Madrid). España.
Centro de Salud de Sueca. Valencia. España.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2023 Oct 18;97:e202310086.
Alzheimer's disease has become the great epidemic of the 21st century, being a challenge for the sustainability of the social and health system. Alzheimer's causes disability and dependency among the elderly, requiring continued care with therapies that improve the health and quality of life of these people. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmacological therapies applied to people with Alzheimer's in Primary Care.
A systematic review of articles published between April 2017 and April 2022 was carried out, applying the PRISMA methodology. The databases consulted were: PubMed, CINAHL, Dialnet, Web of Science and PsycINFO. MeSH and DeSH were used, with the Boolean operators AND and OR. The quality of the articles was evaluated with the STROBE, COCHRANE, AMSTAR-2 and JBI scales.
A total of nineteen articles were selected in which various non-pharmacological therapies and their effectiveness in people with Alzheimer's were evaluated. Therapies based on physical activity and rehabilitation, cognitive stimulation and occupational therapy with music, animals and art, applied and maintained over time, are an alternative which, either combined or applied in isolation, are effective in preventing, stopping and slowing down Alzheimer's disease symptoms, especially in the first phase.
Physical activity and rehabilitation, cognitive stimulation and therapy with music, animals and art, improve the health status and quality of life of patients with Alzheimer's disease in the first phase of the disease.
阿尔茨海默病已成为21世纪的重大流行病，对社会和卫生系统的可持续性构成挑战。阿尔茨海默病导致老年人残疾和生活不能自理，需要通过改善这些人健康和生活质量的疗法进行持续护理。本文的目的是评估在初级保健中应用于阿尔茨海默病患者的非药物疗法的有效性。
采用PRISMA方法对2017年4月至2022年4月发表的文章进行系统综述。查阅的数据库有：PubMed、CINAHL、Dialnet、科学网和PsycINFO。使用医学主题词表（MeSH）和教育资源信息中心叙词表（DeSH），并使用布尔运算符“与”和“或”。采用STROBE、COCHRANE、AMSTAR - 2和JBI量表对文章质量进行评估。
共筛选出19篇文章，评估了各种非药物疗法及其对阿尔茨海默病患者的有效性。基于体育活动和康复、认知刺激以及音乐、动物和艺术的职业疗法，长期应用和维持，是一种替代方案，无论是联合使用还是单独应用，都能有效预防、阻止和减缓阿尔茨海默病症状，尤其是在疾病的第一阶段。
体育活动和康复、认知刺激以及音乐、动物和艺术疗法，可改善阿尔茨海默病患者在疾病第一阶段的健康状况和生活质量。
