College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
College of Agriculture Engineering and Technology, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Mol Biol Rep. 2023 Dec;50(12):10509-10524. doi: 10.1007/s11033-023-08886-4. Epub 2023 Nov 3.
The focus is now on harnessing energy from green sources through sustainable technology to minimize environmental pollution. Several crop residues including rice and wheat straw are having enormous potential to be used as lignocellulosic source material for bioenergy production. The lignocellulosic feedstock is primarily composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin cell wall polymers. The hemicellulose and lignin polymers induce crosslinks in the cell wall, by firmly associating with cellulose microfibrils, and thereby, denying considerable access of cellulose to cellulase enzymes. This issue has been addressed by various researchers through downregulating several genes associated in monolignol biosynthesis in Arabidopsis, Poplar, Rice and Switchgrass to increase ethanol recovery. Similarly, xylan biosynthetic genes are also targeted to genetically culminate its accumulation in the secondary cell walls. Regulation of cellulose synthases (CesA) proves to be an effective tool in addressing the negative impact of these two factors. Modification in the expression of cellulose synthase aids in reducing cellulose crystallinity as well as polymerisation degree which in turn increases ethanol recovery. The engineered bioenergy crops and various fungal strains with state of art biomass processing techniques presents the most recent integrative biotechnology model for cost effective green fuels generation along with production of key value-added products with minuscule disturbances in the environment. Plant breeding strategies utilizing the existing variability for biomass traits will be key in developing dual purpose varieties. For this purpose, reorientation of conventional breeding techniques for incorporating useful biomass traits will be effective.
现在的重点是通过可持续技术利用绿色能源，以最大程度地减少环境污染。几种农作物秸秆，包括水稻和小麦秸秆，具有巨大的潜力，可以用作生物能源生产的木质纤维素原料。木质纤维素原料主要由纤维素、半纤维素和木质素细胞壁聚合物组成。半纤维素和木质素聚合物通过与纤维素微纤维牢固结合，在细胞壁中诱导交联，从而使纤维素酶难以进入纤维素。为了解决这个问题，许多研究人员通过下调拟南芥、杨树、水稻和柳枝稷中单宁生物合成相关的几个基因，增加乙醇的回收量。同样，木聚糖生物合成基因也被靶向以遗传地积累其在次生细胞壁中的积累。纤维素合酶（CesA）的调控被证明是解决这两个因素负面影响的有效工具。纤维素合酶表达的修饰有助于降低纤维素结晶度和聚合度，从而提高乙醇的回收量。经过工程改造的生物能源作物和具有最先进生物质处理技术的各种真菌菌株，为具有成本效益的绿色燃料的生成以及在环境干扰最小的情况下生产关键增值产品提供了最新的综合生物技术模型。利用生物质特性现有可变性的植物育种策略将是开发两用品种的关键。为此，重新定向传统的育种技术，以纳入有用的生物质特性将是有效的。
