Ehrmann Katharina, Barner-Kowollik Christopher
Institute for Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.
J Am Chem Soc. 2023 Nov 3. doi: 10.1021/jacs.3c09567.
Employing two colors of light to 3D print objects holds potential for accessing advanced printing modes, such as the generation of multi-material objects from a single print. Thus, dual-wavelength-driven photoreactive systems (reactions that require or utilize two wavelengths) and their exploitation as chemo-technological solutions for additive manufacturing technologies have experienced considerable development over the last few years. Such systems saw an increase in printing speeds, a decrease in resolution thresholds, and─perhaps most importantly─the actual generation of multi-material objects. However, the pace at which such reactive systems are developed is moderate and varies significantly depending on the fashion in which the two colors of light are employed. Herein, we address for the first time the varying logic conjugations of light-activated chemical compounds in dual-wavelength photochemical processes in a systematic manner and consider their implications from a photochemical point of view. To date, four dual-wavelength reaction types have been reported, termed synergistic (λ AND λ), antagonistic (reversed λ AND λ), orthogonal (λ OR λ), and─most recently─cooperative (λ AND λ or λ OR λ). The progress of their implementation in additive manufacturing is assessed individually, and their concurrent and individual chemical challenges are identified. These challenges need to be addressed for future dual-wavelength photochemical systems to progress multi-wavelength additive manufacturing technologies beyond their current limitations.
使用两种颜色的光进行3D打印物体具有实现先进打印模式的潜力,例如从单次打印中生成多材料物体。因此,双波长驱动的光反应系统(需要或利用两种波长的反应)及其作为增材制造技术的化学技术解决方案在过去几年中得到了显著发展。此类系统的打印速度有所提高,分辨率阈值有所降低,而且——也许最重要的是——实际生成了多材料物体。然而,此类反应系统的开发速度较为适中,并且会根据使用两种颜色光的方式而有很大差异。在此,我们首次系统地探讨了双波长光化学过程中光活化化合物的不同逻辑共轭,并从光化学角度考虑了它们的影响。迄今为止,已经报道了四种双波长反应类型,分别称为协同型(λ与λ)、拮抗型(反向λ与λ)、正交型(λ或λ)以及——最近——合作型(λ与λ或λ或λ)。我们分别评估了它们在增材制造中的实施进展,并确定了它们共同面临的以及各自面临的化学挑战。为了使未来的双波长光化学系统推动多波长增材制造技术突破当前的局限,需要应对这些挑战。