School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK.
Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India.
Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2024 Sep;44(6):1103-1120. doi: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2270702. Epub 2023 Nov 6.
The circular economy is anticipated to bring a disruptive transformation in manufacturing technologies. Robust and industrial scalable microbial strains that can simultaneously assimilate and valorize multiple carbon substrates are highly desirable, as waste bioresources contain substantial amounts of renewable and fermentable carbon, which is diverse. Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is identified as an inexhaustible and alternative resource to reduce global dependence on oil. Glucose, xylose, and arabinose are the major monomeric sugars in LCB. However, primary research has focused on the use of glucose. On the other hand, the valorization of pentose sugars, xylose, and arabinose, has been mainly overlooked, despite possible assimilation by vast microbial communities. The present review highlights the research efforts that have explicitly proven the suitability of arabinose as the starting feedstock for producing various chemical building blocks via biological routes. It begins by analyzing the availability of various arabinose-rich biorenewable sources that can serve as potential feedstocks for biorefineries. The subsequent section outlines the current understanding of arabinose metabolism, biochemical routes prevalent in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems, and possible products that can be derived from this sugar. Further, currently, exemplar products from arabinose, including arabitol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2,3-butanetriol, ethanol, lactic acid, and xylitol are discussed, which have been produced by native and non-native microbial strains using metabolic engineering and genome editing tools. The final section deals with the challenges and obstacles associated with arabinose-based production, followed by concluding remarks and prospects.
循环经济有望给制造技术带来颠覆性的变革。人们非常希望获得能够同时同化和增值多种碳底物的稳健且可工业放大的微生物菌株，因为废生物资源中含有大量可再生和可发酵的碳，而且种类繁多。木质纤维素生物质（LCB）被认为是减少全球对石油依赖的一种取之不尽、用之不竭的替代资源。葡萄糖、木糖和阿拉伯糖是 LCB 中的主要单体糖。然而，主要的研究重点一直放在葡萄糖的利用上。另一方面，戊糖（木糖和阿拉伯糖）的增值作用主要被忽视了，尽管它们可能被大量微生物群落同化。本综述重点介绍了明确证明阿拉伯糖适合作为生物途径生产各种化学构建块的起始原料的研究工作。它首先分析了各种富含阿拉伯糖的生物可再生资源的可用性，这些资源可以作为生物炼制厂的潜在原料。接下来的部分概述了目前对阿拉伯糖代谢的理解，原核和真核系统中普遍存在的生化途径，以及可以从这种糖中衍生出的可能产物。此外，目前还讨论了来自阿拉伯糖的代表性产品，包括阿拉伯糖醇、2,3-丁二醇、1,2,3-丁三醇、乙醇、乳酸和木糖醇，这些产品是通过代谢工程和基因组编辑工具由天然和非天然微生物菌株生产的。最后一部分讨论了基于阿拉伯糖生产的相关挑战和障碍，最后是结论和展望。
