College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, China.
Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2024 Jan;68(1):e2300522. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.202300522. Epub 2023 Nov 7.
Polysaccharides are complex molecules of more than ten monosaccharide residues interconnected through glycosidic linkages formed via condensation reactions. Polysaccharides are widely distributed in various food resources and have gained considerable attention due to their diverse biological activities. This review presented a critical analysis of the existing research literature on anti-obesity polysaccharides and investigates the complex interplay between their lipid-lowering activity and the gut microbiota, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the lipid-lowering properties of polysaccharides and the underlying mechanisms of action.
In this review, the study summarized the roles of polysaccharides in improving lipid metabolism via gut microbiota, including the remodeling of the intestinal barrier, reduction of inflammation, inhibition of pathogenic bacteria, reduction of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) production, and regulation of the metabolism of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids (BAs).
These mechanisms collectively contributed to the beneficial effects of polysaccharides on lipid metabolism and overall metabolic health. Furthermore, polysaccharide-based nanocarriers combined with gut microbiota have broad prospects for developing targeted and personalized therapies for hyperlipidemia and obesity.
多糖是由通过缩合反应形成的糖苷键连接的十个以上单糖残基组成的复杂分子。多糖广泛分布于各种食物资源中，由于其多种生物活性而受到广泛关注。本综述对现有的抗肥胖多糖研究文献进行了批判性分析，并研究了其降脂活性与肠道微生物群之间的复杂相互作用，旨在全面概述多糖的降脂特性和作用机制。
在本综述中，研究总结了多糖通过肠道微生物群改善脂质代谢的作用，包括肠道屏障的重塑、炎症的减少、致病菌的抑制、三甲胺 N-氧化物（TMAO）生成的减少以及短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）和胆汁酸（BAs）代谢的调节。
这些机制共同促成了多糖对脂质代谢和整体代谢健康的有益影响。此外，基于多糖的纳米载体与肠道微生物群相结合，为开发针对高血脂和肥胖症的靶向和个性化治疗方法提供了广阔的前景。
