Glade M J, Luba N K, Schryver H F
J Anim Sci. 1986 Nov;63(5):1432-44. doi: 10.2527/jas1986.6351432x.
The application of transmission ultrasonics to the equine cannon holds promise as a method of monitoring metacarpal and metatarsal development, quality and integrity under a variety of experimental and field conditions. The validity of relating the velocities of sound pulses transmitted through the cannon to the mechanical breaking strengths of these bones was tested in two studies. Breaking strengths calculated from the sound velocities through sections of the metacarpal bones from 14 yearling ponies and 12 yearling horses were highly correlated with the mechanical breaking strengths of those sections (r = .907 and .927, respectively; P less than .01). Sound velocities through the cannons of the horses before sacrifice ranged from 2,453 to 3,130 m/s and were correlated with their mechanically determined breaking strengths (193 to 262 X 10(6) N/M2; r = .673; P less than .01). The correlation coefficient increased to .912 when the sound velocities were adjusted for the sound-delaying effects of the overlying soft tissues. In a third study, 13 horses were weaned at 2 to 4 mo of age and were fed diets providing either 100 or 130% of National Research Council (NRC) energy and protein recommendations. Metacarpal and metatarsal development was monitored monthly for 15 mo via transmission ultrasonics. Sound velocities, breaking strengths calculated from velocities adjusted for estimated soft tissue cover, measured bone mediolateral diameters and cannon diameters minus estimated soft tissue increased as quadratic functions of chronologic age (r greater than .840; P less than .0001). None of these variables was significantly affected by diet, leg or sex. These studies have demonstrated that the use of transmission ultrasonics to estimate and monitor metacarpal and metatarsal breaking strengths in the live horse is reliable, reproducible, simple, accurate and valid. They also suggest that NRC energy and protein recommendations meet the requirements for maximum bone growth and development in well-managed young equines.
将透射超声应用于马的管骨有望成为一种在各种实验和现场条件下监测掌骨和跖骨发育、质量及完整性的方法。在两项研究中测试了将通过管骨传播的声脉冲速度与这些骨骼的机械断裂强度相关联的有效性。根据14匹一岁小马和12匹一岁马的掌骨部分的声速计算出的断裂强度与这些部分的机械断裂强度高度相关（分别为r = 0.907和0.927；P小于0.01）。处死前马匹管骨的声速范围为2453至3130米/秒，并且与它们的机械测定断裂强度相关（193至262×10⁶牛/平方米；r = 0.673；P小于0.01）。当针对覆盖软组织的声音延迟效应调整声速时，相关系数增加到0.912。在第三项研究中，13匹马在2至4月龄时断奶，并喂食提供美国国家研究委员会（NRC）能量和蛋白质推荐量的100%或130%的日粮。通过透射超声每月监测掌骨和跖骨发育15个月。声速、根据针对估计软组织覆盖进行调整后的速度计算出的断裂强度、测量的骨内外侧直径以及管骨直径减去估计软组织厚度均随年龄呈二次函数增加（r大于0.840；P小于0.0001）。这些变量均未受到日粮、腿或性别的显著影响。这些研究表明，使用透射超声来估计和监测活马的掌骨和跖骨断裂强度是可靠的、可重复的、简单的、准确的且有效的。它们还表明，NRC的能量和蛋白质推荐量满足管理良好的年轻马匹最大骨骼生长和发育的需求。
