Arthur S R, Kornegay E T, Thomas H R, Veit H P, Notter D R, Webb K E, Baker J L
J Anim Sci. 1983 Nov;57(5):1200-14. doi: 10.2527/jas1983.5751200x.
The effect of early nutrition on subsequent bone development was studied using gilts that had previously been fed ad libitum or 75% ad libitum intake and 100 or 150% National Research Council-recommended daily Ca and P from weaning to 100 kg. During the three-parity reproductive study, sows were fed a 14% protein diet. Metacarpals and metatarsals were taken from sows culled due to lameness or failure to breed and from sows after completing three parities. Femur and humerus articular cartilage and turbinates were described at necropsy. Metacarpals and metatarsals were heavier and tended to have thicker walls when sows were previously fed ad libitum or fed 150% Ca and P. Energy intake produced the greater response. Metacarpal breaking strength was greatest for sows previously fed ad libitum. Metatarsals were not affected by energy intake. Stiffness, Young's modulus of elasticity (YME) and flexural modulus for metacarpals and metatarsals were not affected by energy intake. Previously fed Ca and P intakes did not affect any of the mechanical bone characteristics. Metacarpals were heavier, had a greater breaking strength, were more elastic and exhibited slightly less resistance to bending than the metatarsals. The ether extract, ash, Ca and P content and the Ca:P ratio of metacarpals and metatarsals were not affected by previously fed energy or Ca and P intakes. The ether extract content tended to decrease and the ash, Ca and P content tended to increase with age. Articular cartilage and turbinate scores were not influenced by previously fed energy or Ca and P intakes. The YME and flexural modulus were the only bone characteristics that were even poorly correlated (average r = .25) with soundness scores, suggesting that high values result in poorer soundness scores. Energy and Ca and P intakes during growth and development had only minimal effects on bone characteristics and no apparent effect on structural soundness and longevity of sows kept for three parities.
利用之前随意采食或按随意采食量的75%采食，且从断奶至100千克体重期间钙和磷摄入量分别为美国国家研究委员会推荐量的100%或150%的后备母猪，研究早期营养对后续骨骼发育的影响。在三胎繁殖研究期间，给母猪饲喂含14%蛋白质的日粮。掌骨和跖骨取自因跛行或繁殖失败而淘汰的母猪以及完成三胎繁殖后的母猪。在尸检时描述股骨、肱骨的关节软骨和鼻甲情况。当母猪之前随意采食或采食150%的钙和磷时，掌骨和跖骨更重，且管壁往往更厚。能量摄入产生的反应更大。之前随意采食的母猪掌骨断裂强度最大。跖骨不受能量摄入的影响。掌骨和跖骨的刚度、杨氏弹性模量（YME）和弯曲模量不受能量摄入的影响。之前的钙和磷摄入量不影响任何骨骼机械特性。掌骨比跖骨更重，具有更大的断裂强度，更具弹性，并且对弯曲的抵抗力略小。掌骨和跖骨的醚提取物、灰分、钙和磷含量以及钙磷比不受之前的能量或钙磷摄入量的影响。醚提取物含量趋于下降，灰分、钙和磷含量随年龄增长趋于增加。关节软骨和鼻甲评分不受之前的能量或钙磷摄入量的影响。YME和弯曲模量是与健全评分相关性最差的仅有的骨骼特性（平均r = 0.25），表明高值会导致较差的健全评分。生长发育期间的能量以及钙和磷摄入量对骨骼特性的影响极小，对饲养三胎的母猪的结构健全性和寿命没有明显影响。
