Ch Muhammad Ajmal, Chaudhary Muhammad Ajmal, Bukhari Muhammad Nishat, Ahmed Naima
Muhammad Ajmal Ch, M Phil Orthoptics Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, The University of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan.
Muhammad Ajmal Chaudhary, FCPS, FPO Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Sheikh Zayed Medical College, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
Pak J Med Sci. 2023 Nov-Dec;39(6):1747-1750. doi: 10.12669/pjms.39.6.7328.
To evaluate the prevalence of reduced visual acuity (VA), refractive errors (RE), reduced contrast sensitivity and strabismus in developmentally delayed (DD) patients.
This descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in Ophthalmology Departments of Mayo Hospital, Lahore, The Children's Hospital, Lahore and The Children's Hospital, Multan from June 2019 to December 2019. We recruited 257 patients of either gender, between the ages of 06-16 years having intelligence quotient (IQ) ≤ 80 by Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) from the out-patient departments. Detailed systemic and ophthalmic history was taken and through anterior and posterior segment examination was carried out. VA was assessed with age matched VA charts. Cycloplegic refraction with 1% cyclopentolate was carried out. Contrast sensitivity was measured with hiding Heidi charts. Strabismus was assessed with Hirschberg and covers /uncover tests.
The mean age of the patients was 8.88 years with standard deviation (SD) of ± 2.70. The prevalence of reduced VA, RE, strabismus and reduced contrast sensitivity in these children were 43.58%, 52.92%, 52.14% and 32.7% respectively. Out of these 52.92% RE, 56 (21.79%) were myopic, 66 (25.68%) were hyperopic and 14 (05.45%) were astigmatic. The percentage of esotropia was 72 (28.02%) and exotropia was 62 (24.12%).
The results of our study in DD children have shown that a significant number of children have reduced VA, RE, strabismus and reduced contrast sensitivity. Apart from general management of DD children by a pediatrician, the ophthalmic management of these problems must be carried out by a pediatric ophthalmologist to improve their quality of life.
评估发育迟缓（DD）患者中视力下降、屈光不正（RE）、对比敏感度降低和斜视的患病率。
2019年6月至2019年12月，在拉合尔梅奥医院眼科、拉合尔儿童医院和木尔坦儿童医院开展了这项描述性横断面研究。我们从门诊部招募了257名年龄在06 - 16岁之间、根据韦氏儿童智力量表（WISC）智商≤80的男女患者。详细询问了全身和眼科病史，并进行了眼前段和眼后段检查。使用年龄匹配的视力表评估视力。用1%环喷托酯进行睫状肌麻痹验光。用隐蔽式海迪视力表测量对比敏感度。用 Hirschberg 法和遮盖/去遮盖试验评估斜视。
患者的平均年龄为8.88岁，标准差为±2.70。这些儿童中视力下降、屈光不正、斜视和对比敏感度降低的患病率分别为43.58%、52.92%、52.14%和32.7%。在这些屈光不正患者中，52.92%（56例，21.79%）为近视，66例（25.68%）为远视，14例（05.45%）为散光。内斜视的比例为72例（28.02%），外斜视的比例为62例（24.12%）。
我们对发育迟缓儿童的研究结果表明，相当数量的儿童存在视力下降、屈光不正、斜视和对比敏感度降低的情况。除了由儿科医生对发育迟缓儿童进行一般管理外，这些问题的眼科管理必须由小儿眼科医生进行，以提高他们的生活质量。
