The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, No. 5 Ankang Hutong, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035, China.
Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals, Beijing, China.
BMC Psychiatry. 2023 Nov 8;23(1):820. doi: 10.1186/s12888-023-05334-2.
There is a lack of epidemiological data on depressive morbidity in children and adolescents in rural China. This study determines the frequency and correlates of depression among children and adolescents to offer useful insights for family education and government policy-making in rural China.
A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between April 20 to May 10, 2022. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the correlative factors of depression were analyzed.
In this study, 23,180 children and adolescents were enrolled (median (range) age: 12 (9-18) years); of them, 8,261 (35.6%) suffered from depression with a CES-D score of > 15. The onset of depression was significantly related to age, grade, gender, parental absence, attending key schools or classes, presence of moderate or severe internet addiction (IA), school record, social relationships, parental occupation, and education status. Furthermore, female gender (OR = 1.175; 95% CI: 1.108-1.247; p < 0.001), junior middle school (OR = 1.487; 95% CI: 1.380-1.601; p < 0.001), parental absence (OR = 1.272; 95% CI: 1.183-1.367; p < 0.001), attending key schools (OR = 1.221; 95% CI: 1.120-1.332; p < 0.001), attending key classes (OR = 1.099; 95% CI: 1.001-1.207; p = 0.048), and presence of moderate or above IA (OR = 13.593; 95% CI: 12.028-15.361; p < 0.001) were the most prominent independent factors for depression.
Depression is very common among Chinese children and adolescents living in poor areas of Weining County. Older age, higher school grade, female gender, parental absence, attending key schools or classes, and the presence of moderate to severe IA are some important factors that may dictate the occurrence of depression in these children and adolescents.
中国农村地区儿童和青少年的抑郁发病率缺乏流行病学数据。本研究旨在确定儿童和青少年抑郁的频率和相关因素，为中国农村的家庭教育和政府决策提供有用的信息。
本研究采用横断面在线调查的方式，于 2022 年 4 月 20 日至 5 月 10 日进行。采用抑郁自评量表（CES-D）评估抑郁程度，分析抑郁的相关因素。
本研究共纳入 23180 名儿童和青少年（中位数（范围）年龄：12（9-18）岁）；其中，8261 名（35.6%）患有抑郁，CES-D 评分>15 分。抑郁的发病与年龄、年级、性别、父母缺失、就读重点学校或班级、中重度网络成瘾（IA）、学习成绩、社会关系、父母职业和教育程度有关。此外，女性（OR=1.175；95%CI：1.108-1.247；p<0.001）、初中（OR=1.487；95%CI：1.380-1.601；p<0.001）、父母缺失（OR=1.272；95%CI：1.183-1.367；p<0.001）、就读重点学校（OR=1.221；95%CI：1.120-1.332；p<0.001）、就读重点班级（OR=1.099；95%CI：1.001-1.207；p=0.048）和中重度 IA （OR=13.593；95%CI：12.028-15.361；p<0.001）是儿童和青少年抑郁的最显著独立因素。
中国威宁县贫困地区儿童和青少年抑郁发生率较高。年龄较大、年级较高、女性、父母缺失、就读重点学校或班级、中重度 IA 是影响这些儿童和青少年抑郁发生的重要因素。
