Sharma Neha, Sharma Gaurav, Toor Devinder
Department of Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Department of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Crit Rev Immunol. 2024;44(1):31-40. doi: 10.1615/CritRevImmunol.2023049920.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which adversely affected almost all aspects of human life and resulted in the loss of millions of lives, while affecting nearly 0.67 billion people worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 still poses a challenge to the healthcare system as there are more than 200,000 active cases of COVID-19 around the globe. Epidemiological data suggests that the magnitude of morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19 was low in a few geographical regions and was unpredictably higher in a few regions. The genetic diversity of different geographical regions might explain the sporadic prevalence of the disease. In this context, human leukocyte antigens (HLA) represent the most polymorphic gene-dense region of the human genome and serve as an excellent mini-genome model for evaluating population genetic diversity in the context of susceptibility and progression of various diseases. In this review, we highlight the plausible influence of HLA in susceptibility, severity, immune response, and designing of epitope-based vaccines for COVID-19. Further, there is a need for extensive investigations for illustration and clarification of the functional impact of HLA class I and II alleles in the pathogenesis and progression of SARS-CoV-2.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引发了全球2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行，这对人类生活的几乎所有方面都产生了不利影响，导致数百万人丧生，同时全球近6.7亿人受到影响。SARS-CoV-2仍然对医疗系统构成挑战，因为全球仍有超过20万例COVID-19活跃病例。流行病学数据表明，COVID-19导致的发病率和死亡率在一些地理区域较低，而在一些区域则出人意料地较高。不同地理区域的遗传多样性可能解释了该疾病的散发性流行。在这种背景下，人类白细胞抗原（HLA）代表了人类基因组中多态性最高的基因密集区域，是评估各种疾病易感性和进展情况下群体遗传多样性的优秀微型基因组模型。在这篇综述中，我们强调了HLA在COVID-19易感性、严重程度、免疫反应以及基于表位的疫苗设计方面可能产生的影响。此外，需要进行广泛的研究，以阐明HLA I类和II类等位基因在SARS-CoV-2发病机制和进展中的功能影响。
