Johnson I T, Gee J M, Price K, Curl C, Fenwick G R
J Nutr. 1986 Nov;116(11):2270-7. doi: 10.1093/jn/116.11.2270.
The influence of four saponins, three triterpenoid glycosides and one steroidal amine glycoside, upon intestinal transport was investigated in vitro. In the presence of Gypsophylla saponin, carrier-mediated galactose transport was inhibited, although the uptake of the passively transported L-isomer of glucose increased. The uptake of the extracellular space marker, polyethylene glycol 4000, was also higher, indicating that the saponin inhibited active transport by increasing the general permeability of the enterocytes. Gypsophylla saponin, in contact only with the mucosal surface of everted jejunal sacs, induced a rapid decline in glucose-stimulated transmural potential difference. The rate of decline increased as the saponin concentration was raised over the approximate range of 0.3 to 8 mM. Saponaria saponin and alpha-tomatine also reduced transmural potential difference, but soya saponins were much less effective. The results indicate that some saponins readily increase the permeability of the small intestinal mucosal cells, thereby inhibiting active nutrient transport, and facilitating the uptake of materials to which the gut would normally be impermeable.
在体外研究了四种皂苷、三种三萜糖苷和一种甾体胺糖苷对肠道转运的影响。在存在肥皂草皂苷的情况下，载体介导的半乳糖转运受到抑制，尽管被动转运的葡萄糖L-异构体的摄取增加。细胞外空间标记物聚乙二醇4000的摄取也更高，表明皂苷通过增加肠细胞的一般通透性来抑制主动转运。仅与外翻空肠囊的粘膜表面接触的肥皂草皂苷会导致葡萄糖刺激的跨膜电位差迅速下降。随着皂苷浓度在约0.3至8 mM范围内升高，下降速率增加。肥皂草皂苷和α-番茄碱也降低了跨膜电位差，但大豆皂苷的效果要差得多。结果表明，一些皂苷很容易增加小肠粘膜细胞的通透性，从而抑制营养物质的主动转运，并促进肠道通常不渗透的物质的摄取。
