Tiryaki Nurten, Sertan Özdemir R, Karsan Çağdaş, Boyle Michael P
Department of Speech and Language Therapy, İstanbul Medipol University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey.
Department of Language and Speech Therapy, Biruni University, İstanbul, Turkey.
J Fluency Disord. 2023 Dec;78:106020. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2023.106020. Epub 2023 Nov 2.
This study aimed to adapt the Self-Stigma of Stuttering Scale (4S) into Turkish and evaluate its factor structure, reliability, and validity in Turkish culture.
The original 4S scale was translated into Turkish (4S-TR) using a forward-backward translation technique and was administered to 350 adults who stutter (AWS). To discover latent variables evaluated on the scale, two-factor analyses were performed. Internal consistency and temporal stability were calculated to ensure reliability. Test-retest reliability correlation scores were calculated with multiple applications of the scale within about two weeks. To verify construct validity, participants also completed the Turkish versions of the Self-Esteem Rating Scale-Short Form (BSDÖ-KF) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale(YDÖ).
The explanatory factor analysis showed three factors explaining 74.76 % of the total variance. The findings were also validated by confirmatory factor analysis. High levels of internal consistency (r = .89) and test-retest reliability (r = .96) were obtained. In terms of construct validity, our findings revealed that self-stigma has a significant negative correlation with self-esteem (r = -.41) and life satisfaction (r = -.38) as was predicted.
The findings demonstrate preliminary evidence that the 4S-TR is a viable and valid instrument for self-stigma evaluation in three domains (stigma awareness, stereotype agreement, and self-concurrence). The 4S-TR can be applied for research and clinical purposes in Turkish.
本研究旨在将口吃自我污名量表（4S）改编为土耳其语版本，并评估其在土耳其文化中的因子结构、信度和效度。
采用正反翻译技术将原始的4S量表翻译成土耳其语（4S-TR），并施测于350名口吃成年人（AWS）。为了发现量表所评估的潜在变量，进行了两因素分析。计算内部一致性和时间稳定性以确保信度。在大约两周内多次应用该量表计算重测信度相关分数。为验证结构效度，参与者还完成了自尊评定量表简式（BSDÖ-KF）和生活满意度量表（YDÖ）的土耳其语版本。
解释性因子分析显示三个因子解释了总方差的74.76%。这些结果也通过验证性因子分析得到了验证。获得了高水平的内部一致性（r = .89）和重测信度（r = .96）。在结构效度方面，我们的研究结果表明，正如预期的那样，自我污名与自尊（r = -.41）和生活满意度（r = -.38）存在显著负相关。
研究结果初步证明，4S-TR是一个在三个领域（污名意识、刻板印象认同和自我认同）评估自我污名的可行且有效的工具。4S-TR可用于土耳其的研究和临床目的。
