Shamai-Leshem Dana, Abend Rany, Arad Gal, Azriel Omer, Chong Lyndsey, de Jong Peter, Dykan Chelsea Dyan Gober, Hajcak Greg, Klawohn Julia, Meyer Alexandria, Neophytou Klavdia, Neria Yuval, Panayiotou Georgia, Schneier Franklin, Soleymani Ali, Yair Noga, Pine Daniel S, Bar-Haim Yair, Lazarov Amit
Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, USA.
J Anxiety Disord. 2023 Dec;100:102789. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102789. Epub 2023 Oct 27.
Aberrant attention allocation has been implicated in the etiology and maintenance of a range of psychopathologies. However, three decades of research, relying primarily on manual response-time tasks, have been challenged on the grounds of poor reliability of its attention bias indices. Here, in a large, multisite, international study we provide reliability information for a new eye-tracking-based measure of attention allocation and its relation to psychopathology and age. Data from 1567 participants, across a wide range of psychiatric diagnoses and ages, were aggregated from nine sites around the world. Of these, 213 participants also provided retest data. Acceptable overall internal consistency and test-retest reliability were observed among adult participants (Cronbach's alpha = 0.86 and r(213) = 0.89, respectively), as well as across all examined psychopathologies. Youth demonstrated lower internal consistency scores (Cronbach's alpha = 0.65). Finally, the percent dwell time index derived from the task statistically differentiated between healthy participants and participants diagnosed with social anxiety disorder, major depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. These results potentially address a long-standing reliability crisis in this research field. Aberrant attention allocation patterns in a variety of psychiatric disorders may be targeted with the hope of affecting symptoms. The attention allocation index derived from the matrix task offers reliable means to measure such cognitive target engagement in clinical contexts.
异常的注意力分配已被认为与一系列精神病理学的病因及维持有关。然而，三十年来主要依赖手动反应时任务的研究，因其注意力偏差指标的可靠性较差而受到挑战。在此，在一项大型、多地点的国际研究中，我们提供了一种基于眼动追踪的注意力分配新测量方法的可靠性信息，以及它与精神病理学和年龄的关系。来自全球九个地点的1567名参与者的数据被汇总，这些参与者涵盖了广泛的精神科诊断和年龄范围。其中，213名参与者还提供了重测数据。在成年参与者中观察到了可接受的总体内部一致性和重测可靠性（克朗巴哈α系数分别为0.86和r(213)=0.89），在所有检查的精神病理学中也是如此。青少年的内部一致性得分较低（克朗巴哈α系数为0.65）。最后，从该任务得出的注视时间百分比指数在统计学上区分了健康参与者与被诊断患有社交焦虑症、重度抑郁症和创伤后应激障碍的参与者。这些结果可能解决了该研究领域长期存在的可靠性危机。针对各种精神疾病中异常的注意力分配模式，有望影响症状。从矩阵任务得出的注意力分配指数为在临床环境中测量这种认知目标参与度提供了可靠的方法。
