Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, 75300, Pakistan.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2024 Aug;202(8):3800-3809. doi: 10.1007/s12011-023-03949-w. Epub 2023 Nov 10.
Fish as seafood is a bioindicator for chemical substances like trace metals in the water systems that accumulate in fish bodies. Fe and Zn as essential and Pb, Ni, and Cd as heavy metals were quantitatively analyzed in fish muscle samples by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer, Model AAnalyst-700). Fe and Zn's results agreed with the food quality guidelines. Fe was the highest in the range of 2.6-9.4 in mg kg. The Zn content indicates the contribution of anthropogenic agents through the food chain. Ni > Pb > Cd was found in marine fish species and Pb > Ni > Cd in freshwater fish. The results have been explored for source appraisal of bioaccumulated trace metals and categorized selected marine and freshwater species based on characteristics (like life cycle and habitats) by applying multivariate principal component analysis to risk assessment parameters. The Pearson correlation coefficients were applied to the risk assessment parameters for interdependencies of metals. Interestingly, synchronized outcomes were obtained with trace metal data. The study results were interpreted in the context of the fish type, habitat, surroundings, feed, life cycle, etc. The living habitats strongly affect trace metal accumulation, target hazard quotient (THQ), and target cancer risk (TR) attributes. The fishermen's community was at higher risk for carcinogenic effects than other seafood consumers. Overall, determinations for fish species were under safe limits as described by international regulatory bodies (FAO, WHO, ANHMRC, WAA).
鱼类作为海鲜，是水体中痕量金属等化学物质的生物指标，这些物质会在鱼类体内积累。采用原子吸收分光光度计（Perkin Elmer，Model AAnalyst-700）对鱼类肌肉样本中的 Fe 和 Zn（必需微量元素）以及 Pb、Ni 和 Cd（重金属）进行定量分析。Fe 和 Zn 的结果符合食品质量指南。Fe 的范围在 2.6-9.4mg kg 之间，含量最高。Zn 的含量表明食物链中人为因素的贡献。在海洋鱼类中，Ni>Pb>Cd，而在淡水鱼类中则是 Pb>Ni>Cd。根据特征（如生命周期和栖息地），通过应用多元主成分分析对生物累积痕量金属进行来源评估，并对选定的海洋和淡水物种进行分类，对风险评估参数进行了探索。Pearson 相关系数应用于金属的风险评估参数，以研究金属之间的相互依存关系。有趣的是，痕量金属数据的结果具有同步性。研究结果根据鱼类类型、栖息地、周围环境、饲料、生命周期等进行了解释。生活环境强烈影响痕量金属的积累、目标危害系数（THQ）和目标癌症风险（TR）属性。与其他海鲜消费者相比，渔民群体面临更高的致癌风险。总体而言，按照国际监管机构（粮农组织、世界卫生组织、澳大利亚新西兰食品管理局）的规定，鱼类物种的测定值处于安全范围之内。
