Ballal S G
J Trop Med Hyg. 1986 Oct;89(5):223-8.
Prevalence of respiratory symptoms and chronic bronchitis was determined in a group of 122 subjects (77 exposed miners, 18 partially exposed, 27 controls) working at chromite ore mines in Sudan. The mean ages (+/- s.d.) of the three groups were 36.4 (+/- 7.8), 35.2 (+/- 6.8) and 34.6 (+/- 7.5) years respectively. Methods included a respiratory symptoms questionnaire based on the British Medical Research Council (MRC 1976) questionnaire on respiratory symptoms, determination of FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC%. The majority (66%) of the exposed subjects were non-smokers (NS) and 20 (77%) of the 'ever-smokers' (current and ex-smokers) were smokers of less than 15 cigarettes day-1. Respiratory symptoms (cough, phlegm, dyspnoea) were more frequent among the miners and so was chronic bronchitis. The prevalence of the latter was 26% among the miners compared to 11% and 7% among the partially exposed and the controls respectively. These differences could not be accounted for by cigarette smoking. Sixty-five per cent of the miners diagnosed as having asthma, chronic bronchitis or both were non-smokers. Although the values for the FEV1/FVC% remained normal or near the lower limits of the normal range, the mean value was significantly lower among the miners. It was concluded that the mine dust was the prime cause of the respiratory symptoms and chronic bronchitis among the miners.
在苏丹铬铁矿工作的122名受试者（77名暴露的矿工、18名部分暴露者、27名对照者）中确定了呼吸道症状和慢性支气管炎的患病率。三组的平均年龄（±标准差）分别为36.4（±7.8）岁、35.2（±6.8）岁和34.6（±7.5）岁。方法包括基于英国医学研究委员会（MRC，1976年）呼吸道症状问卷的呼吸道症状问卷、FEV1、FVC和FEV1/FVC%的测定。大多数（66%）暴露的受试者不吸烟（NS），“曾经吸烟者”（当前吸烟者和既往吸烟者）中有20人（77%）每天吸烟少于15支。矿工中呼吸道症状（咳嗽、咳痰、呼吸困难）更常见，慢性支气管炎也是如此。后者在矿工中的患病率为26%，而在部分暴露者和对照者中分别为11%和7%。这些差异不能用吸烟来解释。被诊断患有哮喘、慢性支气管炎或两者皆有的矿工中有65%不吸烟。尽管FEV1/FVC%的值保持正常或接近正常范围的下限，但矿工中的平均值显著较低。得出的结论是，矿尘是矿工呼吸道症状和慢性支气管炎的主要原因。
