Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
Central Department for Egyptian Zoos and Wildlife Conservation, Giza Zoo, Giza, Egypt.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2023 Nov 13;55(6):403. doi: 10.1007/s11250-023-03820-z.
There are no available data regarding the hematology, serum biochemistry, and fore stomach fluid constituents of llama (Lama glama) in Egypt. This study aimed to establish normal reference values for blood and fore stomach fluid constituents of llama and determine the influence of sex and season on these parameters under Egyptian conditions. The study was performed on (n = 38; 22 female, 16 male; 1-7 years) apparently healthy llamas located in the Giza Zoo and private zoo in the Ismailia Governorate. Samples were collected in two seasons and divided into summer and winter samples. Differences in the mean and range values of packed cell volume, serum minerals, fore stomach fluid pH, and total protozoal count in Egypt were recorded. Sex and season had minimal effects on hematology and only erythrocyte count showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in males compared with females. Regarding serum biochemistry, males showed significant (p < 0.05) increases in alanine transaminase and calcium levels, while globulin significantly (p < 0.05) increased in females. The influence of season on serum biochemistry was evident in alanine transaminase, total protein, albumin, and chloride which increased significantly (p < 0.05) in summer, while urea, bilirubin, and magnesium increased significantly (p < 0.05) in winter. Fore stomach fluid pH and ammonia showed significant (p < 0.05) increases in winter, while the total protozoal count increased significantly (p < 0.05) in summer and in males compared with females. The results obtained in this study can serve as reference values for the hematobiochemical and fore stomach fluid constituents of llama in Egypt.
埃及尚无关于羊驼（Lama glama）血液学、血清生物化学和前胃液体成分的数据。本研究旨在建立羊驼血液和前胃液体成分的正常参考值，并确定在埃及条件下性别和季节对这些参数的影响。该研究在吉萨动物园和伊斯梅利亚省的私人动物园中进行，共涉及 38 只（22 只雌性，16 只雄性；1-7 岁）外观健康的羊驼。在两个季节采集样本，并将其分为夏季和冬季样本。记录了埃及血细胞比容、血清矿物质、前胃液 pH 值和总原虫计数的平均值和范围值的差异。性别和季节对血液学的影响最小，只有红细胞计数在雄性中显著（p < 0.05）高于雌性。关于血清生物化学，雄性的丙氨酸转氨酶和钙水平显著（p < 0.05）升高，而球蛋白在雌性中显著（p < 0.05）升高。季节对血清生物化学的影响在丙氨酸转氨酶、总蛋白、白蛋白和氯中表现明显，这些物质在夏季显著（p < 0.05）升高，而尿素、胆红素和镁在冬季显著（p < 0.05）升高。前胃液 pH 值和氨在冬季显著（p < 0.05）升高，而总原虫计数在夏季和雄性中均显著（p < 0.05）高于雌性。本研究获得的结果可作为埃及羊驼血液生化和前胃液体成分的参考值。
