Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Environ Technol. 2024 Sep;45(23):4928-4950. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2283409. Epub 2023 Nov 16.
Research efforts are focusing on investigating cost-effective and ecologically friendly ways to create nanoparticles as a result of promising developments in green technology (NPs). This experiment focused on the effectiveness of using biochar (TWB) made from coffee waste to extract levofloxacin (LEV) from water. The conclusive results of the trials showed that TWB is an effective adsorbent for removing LEV from liquid solutions. The TWB produced through biological processes underwent comprehensive analysis using techniques such as X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area measurement (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The bioengineered TWB's exceptional crystalline properties, which closely resemble the monoclinic structure of bulk TWB, were confirmed by the XRD analysis. Based on the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) data, the synthesis of TWB Nanoparticles resulted in the formation of spherical particles with an approximate diameter of 40 nm, accompanied by a substantial surface area of 285.55 m²/g. The Pseudo-Second-Order model, which best captured Levofloxacin's adsorption characteristics, was evaluated on the TWB, and the results showed that external mass transfer was the main determinant of response rate. It was also found that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. The system was optimized using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) methodology. The achieved removal capacity of 1119.19 mg/g utilizing the tested adsorbent was determined to be reasonable when compared to the performance of other previously used adsorbents when evaluating the effectiveness of eliminating LEV. The process of LEV adsorption onto TWB involves a number of different mechanisms, such as ion exchange, π-π interactions, electrostatic pore filling, and hydrogen bonding. Following extensive testing in connection with a real-world sample, the adsorbent demonstrated remarkable efficacy, and it maintained good performance even after undergoing three further regeneration cycles. By adjusting the annealing temperature, we controlled the synthesis of TWB nanoparticles across a range of sizes in order to maximize their antibacterial capabilities. This research utilized a pair of Gram-positive bacteria ( and ) and a pair of Gram-negative bacteria ( and ) to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of TWB.
研究工作正集中于探索具有成本效益和生态友好的方式来制造纳米颗粒，这是绿色技术（NPs）的有希望的发展结果。本实验专注于使用咖啡废料制成的生物炭（TWB）从水中提取左氧氟沙星（LEV）的效果。试验的结论结果表明，TWB 是从液体溶液中去除 LEV 的有效吸附剂。通过生物过程生产的 TWB 经过 X 射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、BET 比表面积测量、X 射线光电子能谱（XPS）和傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱等技术进行了全面分析。生物工程 TWB 的特殊结晶性质通过 XRD 分析得到了证实，其类似于块状 TWB 的单斜结构。根据扫描电子显微镜（SEM）数据，TWB 纳米粒子的合成导致形成了直径约为 40nm 的球形颗粒，同时具有 285.55 m²/g 的大表面积。伪二阶模型最好地捕捉了左氧氟沙星的吸附特性，对 TWB 进行了评估，结果表明，外部传质是决定响应速率的主要因素。还发现吸附过程是吸热和自发的。使用 Box-Behnken 设计（BBD）方法对该系统进行了优化。利用测试吸附剂，实现了 1119.19mg/g 的去除容量，与其他先前使用的吸附剂的性能相比，这被认为是合理的，从而评估了消除 LEV 的效果。LEV 吸附到 TWB 上的过程涉及多种不同的机制，如离子交换、π-π 相互作用、静电孔填充和氢键。在与真实样品进行广泛测试后，该吸附剂表现出了显著的功效，即使经过三次进一步的再生循环，它仍能保持良好的性能。通过调整退火温度，我们控制了 TWB 纳米颗粒的合成尺寸范围，以最大限度地提高其抗菌能力。本研究使用一对革兰氏阳性菌（ 和 ）和一对革兰氏阴性菌（ 和 ）来评估 TWB 的抗菌功效。
