Research Group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Center for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain.
Institute for Research and Innovation in Life Sciences and Health in Central Catalonia (IRIS-CC), Vic, Spain.
PeerJ. 2023 Nov 8;11:e16353. doi: 10.7717/peerj.16353. eCollection 2023.
The expansion of higher education is a worldwide phenomenon. To our knowledge, there are no studies analyzing the trends in demands of enrollment in health-related studies in Spain. Therefore, the objective was to analyze the change in demand (the number of requests for enrollment divided by the number of offered places) for undergraduate health-related studies in Spain during the period 2015-2021 as well as compare the change by region in the pre (2015-2019) and pandemic (2020-2021) period.
This is an observational (ecological type) study with temporal series analyses using data from public (non-for-profit) higher education institutions from the Integrated University Information System. For the analysis by region, we calculated the demand of all twelve undergraduate health-related degrees and the percentages of change between both periods using the Wilcoxon test. The Joinpoint Regression program was used to analyze the trends in demand for each degree during the 7-year period.
Significant ( < 0.001) increases in demand during the pandemic period were observed in all regions. During the pandemic, medicine, biomedicine, nursing, odontology and pharmacy presented a higher demand in comparison with data collected before the pandemic started. In contrast, this pattern was not confirmed in the following cases: physiotherapy, occupational therapy, podiatry, psychology, social work, human nutrition and dietetics. By regions, Navarra, Asturias, and La Rioja presented the most drastic changes. In regions with the biggest number of universities, such as Catalonia, Andalusia and Madrid, the change observed was smaller.
高等教育的扩张是一个全球性现象。据我们所知，目前尚无研究分析西班牙与健康相关的研究领域招生需求的趋势。因此，本研究的目的是分析 2015-2021 年期间西班牙与健康相关的本科学习需求的变化（申请人数除以提供的名额数），并比较疫情前（2015-2019 年）和疫情期间（2020-2021 年）各地区的变化。
这是一项观察性（生态类型）研究，使用公共（非营利）高等教育机构综合大学信息系统的数据进行时间序列分析。为了进行地区分析，我们计算了所有 12 个与健康相关的本科专业的需求，并使用 Wilcoxon 检验比较了两个时期的百分比变化。使用 Joinpoint 回归程序分析了 7 年内每个专业需求的趋势。
在所有地区，疫情期间的需求都出现了显著（<0.001）的增长。在疫情期间，医学、生物医学、护理、牙科和药学的需求比疫情开始前的数据更高。相比之下，在以下情况下，这种模式并未得到证实：物理治疗、职业治疗、足病学、心理学、社会工作、人类营养和饮食学。按地区划分，纳瓦拉、阿斯图里亚斯和拉里奥哈的变化最为剧烈。在拥有最多大学的地区，如加泰罗尼亚、安达卢西亚和马德里，观察到的变化较小。
