Karagrigoriou Dimitrios, Berking Bela B, Wang Qi, Sánchez-Cerrillo Dulce M, Galimberti Daria R, Wilson Daniela A, Neumann Kevin
Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
ACS Macro Lett. 2023 Dec 19;12(12):1608-1613. doi: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00524. Epub 2023 Nov 13.
Zwitterionic polymers have emerged as highly attractive building blocks for antifouling coatings in biomedical applications. Notably, these polymers offer effective alternatives to the widely used poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), which has raised concerns regarding its immunotoxicity and the development of PEG-specific antibodies. Polymeric ylides, a largely overlooked class of zwitterionic polymers, have been reported as effective antifouling scaffolds. However, the reported subclasses, poly(sulfur ylides) and -oxides, lack structural diversity and chemical variability. In this study, we present the synthesis and characterization of polymeric phosphorus ylides as an unexplored class of poly(ylides) with significantly increased structural diversity, which is of high value when designing future ylide-based antifouling materials. Our findings demonstrate that, owing to their low dipole moments and hydration layers, these polymeric phosphorus ylides significantly reduce bacterial attachment. Furthermore, we observe selective toxicity toward bacteria rather than mammalian cells. The bactericidal nature of poly(phosphorus ylides), coupled with their expanded chemical space, provides a distinct advantage over existing materials, including zwitterionic polymers from betaine scaffolds. We anticipate that these unexplored structures will broaden the scope of antifouling applications for poly(ylides).
两性离子聚合物已成为生物医学应用中防污涂层极具吸引力的构建单元。值得注意的是，这些聚合物为广泛使用的聚乙二醇（PEG）提供了有效的替代方案，而PEG已引发了对其免疫毒性和PEG特异性抗体产生的担忧。聚合物叶立德是一类很大程度上被忽视的两性离子聚合物，已被报道为有效的防污支架。然而，已报道的子类，聚（硫叶立德）和 - 氧化物，缺乏结构多样性和化学变异性。在本研究中，我们展示了聚合物磷叶立德的合成与表征，它是一类未被探索的聚（叶立德），具有显著增加的结构多样性，这在设计未来基于叶立德的防污材料时具有很高的价值。我们的研究结果表明，由于其低偶极矩和水化层，这些聚合物磷叶立德能显著减少细菌附着。此外，我们观察到它们对细菌而非哺乳动物细胞具有选择性毒性。聚（磷叶立德）的杀菌性质，再加上其扩展的化学空间，相较于现有材料，包括来自甜菜碱支架的两性离子聚合物，具有明显优势。我们预计这些未被探索的结构将拓宽聚（叶立德）的防污应用范围。
