Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
Endocr Pract. 2024 Feb;30(2):172-176. doi: 10.1016/j.eprac.2023.11.002. Epub 2023 Nov 11.
A wide variety of thyroidal endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been identified. Exposure to known thyroidal EDCs is ubiquitous, and many likely remain unidentified. The sources of exposure include contaminated drinking water, air pollution, pesticides and agricultural chemicals, flame retardants, cleaning supplies, personal care products, food additives and packaging materials, coatings and solvents, and medical products and equipment. EDCs can affect thyroid hormone synthesis, transport, metabolism, and action in a myriad of ways. Understanding the health effects of thyroidal EDCs has been challenging because individuals may have multiple concomitant EDC exposures and many potential EDCs are not yet well characterized. Because of the importance of thyroid hormone for brain development in early life, pregnant women and young infants are particularly vulnerable to the effects of environmental thyroid disruption. The thyroidal effects of some EDCs may be exacerbated in iodine-deficient individuals, those with thyroid autoimmunity, and those with mutations in deiodinase genes. Differential exposures to EDCs may exacerbate health disparities in disadvantaged groups. High-throughput in vitro assays and in silico methods and methods that can detect the effects of relevant EDC mixtures are needed. In addition, optimal methods for detecting the effects of thyroidal EDCs on neurodevelopment need to be developed. Common sense precautions can reduce some thyroidal EDC exposures; however, regulation of manufacturing and drinking water content will ultimately be needed to protect populations.
已鉴定出多种甲状腺内分泌干扰化学物质（EDCs）。已知的甲状腺 EDC 暴露无处不在，而且许多可能仍未被发现。暴露源包括受污染的饮用水、空气污染、农药和农业化学品、阻燃剂、清洁用品、个人护理产品、食品添加剂和包装材料、涂料和溶剂以及医疗产品和设备。EDCs 可以通过多种方式影响甲状腺激素的合成、转运、代谢和作用。由于个体可能同时存在多种 EDC 暴露，并且许多潜在的 EDC 尚未得到很好的描述，因此了解甲状腺 EDC 的健康影响一直具有挑战性。由于甲状腺激素对生命早期大脑发育的重要性，孕妇和婴幼儿特别容易受到环境甲状腺破坏的影响。一些 EDC 的甲状腺作用在碘缺乏个体、甲状腺自身免疫个体和脱碘酶基因突变个体中可能会加剧。EDC 的差异暴露可能会加剧弱势群体的健康差距。需要高通量的体外检测和基于计算机的方法以及可以检测相关 EDC 混合物影响的方法。此外，需要开发检测甲状腺 EDC 对神经发育影响的最佳方法。采取常识性预防措施可以减少一些甲状腺 EDC 暴露；但是，最终需要对制造和饮用水含量进行监管，以保护人群。
