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超加工食品与内分泌干扰:对年轻人癌症发病率上升中缺失环节的解释

Ultra-Processed Diets and Endocrine Disruption, Explanation of Missing Link in Rising Cancer Incidence Among Young Adults.

作者信息

Fajkić Almir, Lepara Orhan, Jahić Rijad, Hadžović-Džuvo Almira, Belančić Andrej, Chupin Alexander, Pavković Doris, Sher Emina Karahmet

机构信息

Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

出版信息

Cancers (Basel). 2025 Jun 29;17(13):2196. doi: 10.3390/cancers17132196.

Abstract

The global increase in early-onset cancers among adolescents and young adults has happened at the same time as the rise in the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs). Far beyond their poor nutritional quality, UPFs are increasingly seen as Trojan horses, complex biological agents that interfere with many functions of the human organism. In this review, we utilise the Trojan horse model to explain the quiet and building health risks from UPFs as foods that seem harmless, convenient, and affordable while secretly delivering endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), causing chronic low-grade inflammation, altering the microbiome, and producing epigenetic alterations. We bring together new proof showing that UPFs mess up hormonal signals, harm the body's ability to fight off harmful germs, lead to an imbalance of microbes, and cause detrimental changes linked to cancer. Important components, such as bisphenols and phthalates, can migrate from containers into food, while additional ingredients and effects from cooking disrupt the normal balance of cells. These exposures are especially harmful during vulnerable developmental periods and may lay the groundwork for disease many years later. The Trojan horse model illustrates the hidden nature of UPF-related damage, not through a sudden toxin but via chronic dysregulation of metabolic, hormonal, and genetic control. This model changes focus from usual diet worries to a bigger-picture view of UPFs as causes of life-disrupting damage. Ultimately, this review aims to identify gaps in current knowledge and epidemiological approaches and highlight the need for multi-omics, long-term studies and personalised nutrition plans to assess and reduce the cancer risk associated with UPFs. Recognising UPFs as a silent disruptor is crucial in shaping public health policies and cancer prevention programs targeting younger people.

摘要

青少年和青年中早发性癌症的全球增加与超加工食品(UPF)消费的上升同时发生。UPF远不止营养质量差,越来越被视为特洛伊木马,即干扰人体许多功能的复杂生物制剂。在本综述中,我们利用特洛伊木马模型来解释UPF作为看似无害、方便且价格实惠的食品所带来的悄然累积的健康风险,同时它们却在暗中释放内分泌干扰化学物质(EDC),引发慢性低度炎症,改变微生物群,并产生表观遗传改变。我们汇集了新的证据,表明UPF会扰乱激素信号,损害身体抵御有害病菌的能力,导致微生物失衡,并引发与癌症相关的有害变化。双酚和邻苯二甲酸盐等重要成分会从容器迁移到食物中,而烹饪过程中的其他成分和影响会扰乱细胞的正常平衡。这些暴露在脆弱的发育阶段尤其有害,可能在多年后为疾病埋下伏笔。特洛伊木马模型说明了与UPF相关损害的隐蔽性质,不是通过突然的毒素,而是通过代谢、激素和基因控制的慢性失调。这个模型将关注点从通常的饮食担忧转变为将UPF视为造成破坏生活的损害的更宏观视角。最终,本综述旨在找出当前知识和流行病学方法中的差距,并强调需要多组学、长期研究和个性化营养计划来评估和降低与UPF相关的癌症风险。认识到UPF是一个无声的破坏者对于制定针对年轻人的公共卫生政策和癌症预防计划至关重要。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2f65/12249071/9dc1bf28b944/cancers-17-02196-g004.jpg

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