Boutros Perla, Kassem Nour, Nieder Jessica, Jaramillo Catalina, von Petersdorff Jakob, Walsh Fiona J, Bärnighausen Till, Barteit Sandra
Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), Somkhele, Mtubatuba 3935, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Nov 4;11(21):2902. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11212902.
The COVID-19 pandemic has considerably impacted the clinical education and training of health workers globally, causing severe disruptions to learning environments in healthcare facilities and limiting the acquisition of new clinical skills. Consequently, urgent adaptation measures, including simulation training and e-learning, have been implemented to mitigate the adverse effects of clinical education. This scoping review aims to assess the impact of COVID-19 on medical education and training, examine the implemented adaptation measures, and evaluate their effectiveness in improving health workers' education and training during the pandemic. Employing the PRISMA-ScR framework and Arksey and O'Malley's methodological guidance, we conducted a scoping review, systematically searching PubMed, medRxiv, Google, and DuckDuckGo databases to account for the grey literature. The search included studies published between 1 December 2019 and 13 October 2021, yielding 10,323 results. Of these, 88 studies focused on health worker education and training during the pandemic. Our review incorporated 31,268 participants, including physicians, medical trainees, nurses, paramedics, students, and health educators. Most studies (71/88, 81%) were conducted in high-income and lower-middle-income countries. The pandemic's effects on health workers' clinical skills and abilities have necessitated training period extensions in some cases. We identified several positive outcomes from the implementation of simulation training and e-learning as adaptation strategies, such as enhanced technical and clinical performance, increased confidence and comfort, and an expanded global educational outreach. Despite challenges like insufficient practical experience, limited interpersonal interaction opportunities, and internet connectivity issues, simulation training, e-learning, and virtual training have proven effective in improving clinical education and training during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research is required to bolster preparedness for future pandemics or similar situations.
新冠疫情对全球卫生工作者的临床教育和培训产生了重大影响，给医疗机构的学习环境造成了严重干扰，并限制了新临床技能的获取。因此，已实施了包括模拟培训和电子学习在内的紧急适应措施，以减轻临床教育的不利影响。本范围综述旨在评估新冠疫情对医学教育和培训的影响，审视已实施的适应措施，并评估其在疫情期间改善卫生工作者教育和培训方面的有效性。我们采用PRISMA-ScR框架以及阿克西和奥马利的方法学指南进行了一项范围综述，系统检索了PubMed、medRxiv、谷歌和DuckDuckGo数据库，以纳入灰色文献。检索范围包括2019年12月1日至2021年10月13日发表的研究，共获得10323条结果。其中，88项研究聚焦于疫情期间卫生工作者的教育和培训。我们的综述纳入了31268名参与者，包括医生、医学实习生、护士、护理人员、学生和健康教育工作者。大多数研究（88项中的71项，81%）在高收入和中低收入国家开展。疫情对卫生工作者临床技能和能力的影响在某些情况下需要延长培训期。我们确定了实施模拟培训和电子学习作为适应策略所带来的若干积极成果，如技术和临床表现得到提升、信心和舒适度增加以及全球教育覆盖面扩大。尽管存在诸如实践经验不足、人际互动机会有限和互联网连接问题等挑战，但模拟培训、电子学习和虚拟培训已证明在改善新冠疫情期间的临床教育和培训方面是有效的。需要进一步开展研究，以加强对未来疫情或类似情况的应对准备。
