Simeoni Rossella, Pirrera Antonia, Meli Paola, Giansanti Daniele
Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168 Roma, Italy.
Centro Nazionale TISP, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy.
Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Nov 5;11(21):2904. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11212904.
The number of people with disabilities and frailties who need support and assistance is increasing. Assistive technologies (ATs) are increasingly playing a central role in supporting people with disabilities and frailties. The study investigated the impact of the ATs on the websites of the UN, UNICEF, and WHO in terms of proposed activities and actions. The methodology proposed was based on two points of view: (1) A formal process to directly select elements in the institutional webs of the UN, UNICEF, and WHO. (2) A formal process for a complementary literature narrative review based on an of Pubmed and Scopus. A standard checklist and a qualification process were applied. The outcome reported 35 documents from the direct search on the web and 19 systematic reviews for the complimentary literature overview. The direct search returned documents related to initiatives focused on the following: The tailoring of the ATs to a person based on international guidelines and specific monitoring initiatives of the AT introduction/access based on surveys both at the population and system/government level with the publication of the data/metadata in an observatory. Dissemination initiatives of both the culture of ATs (e.g., catalog, guidelines, reports, congresses) and of recommendations. The literature overview contributed more specifically to the use and effectiveness of categories of ATs. Both direct research and the literature overview have shown a consistent growth in interest in ATs. The initiatives of the UN, UNICEF, and WHO have been consistent with the institutional role and aimed at improving the diffusion of ATs through capillary monitoring, which is not free from obstacles, and a diffusion of the culture and rational use of ATs. The narrative review shows also the important role of research in monitoring the development, use, and effectiveness of devices, strategies, and support of international institutional initiatives. Important initiatives have been launched internationally on AT in terms of monitoring, dissemination, and improvement in access. However, it is necessary to consider and face the obstacles that limit these initiatives.
需要支持和援助的残疾及体弱人群数量正在增加。辅助技术在支持残疾及体弱人群方面正发挥着越来越核心的作用。该研究从拟开展的活动和行动方面调查了辅助技术在联合国、联合国儿童基金会和世界卫生组织网站上的影响。所提出的方法基于两个视角：（1）在联合国、联合国儿童基金会和世界卫生组织的机构网站中直接选择元素的正式流程。（2）基于对PubMed和Scopus的检索进行补充文献叙述性综述的正式流程。应用了标准清单和资格认定流程。结果报告了通过在网络上直接搜索得到的35份文件以及用于补充文献综述的19篇系统评价。直接搜索返回的文件涉及以下重点倡议：根据国际准则为个人量身定制辅助技术，以及基于在人群层面和系统/政府层面的调查对辅助技术引入/获取情况进行具体监测倡议，并在观测站公布数据/元数据。辅助技术文化（如产品目录、指南、报告、大会）及相关建议的传播倡议。文献综述更具体地探讨了辅助技术类别的使用和有效性。直接研究和文献综述均显示出对辅助技术的兴趣持续增长。联合国、联合国儿童基金会和世界卫生组织的倡议与机构职责相符，旨在通过并非毫无障碍的全面监测以及辅助技术文化的传播和合理使用来促进辅助技术的推广。叙述性综述还表明了研究在监测国际机构倡议的设备、策略及支持的开发、使用和有效性方面的重要作用。在监测、传播和改善获取辅助技术方面，国际上已发起了重要倡议。然而，有必要考虑并面对限制这些倡议的障碍。
