Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Nutrients. 2023 Oct 25;15(21):4518. doi: 10.3390/nu15214518.
The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of partial meat replacement with walnuts using a dose-escalation approach on nutrient intake and diet quality in the usual US diet. Food modeling was implemented using the nationally representative 2015-2018 National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES), with a focus on non-nut consumers, which included 2707 children and adolescents and 5190 adults. Walnuts replaced meat in a dose-escalating manner (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 oz walnuts per day replaced 1, 2, 3, and 4 oz meat, respectively). Diet quality was estimated using the population ratio method of the 2015 Healthy Eating Index. The usual intake of nutrients was estimated using the National Cancer Institute method. Significant differences were determined using non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals. The partial replacement of meat with walnuts demonstrated significant increases in the mean intake of fiber, magnesium, and omega-3 fatty acids and significant decreases in cholesterol and vitamin B12 in the modeled diets for children, adolescents, and adults. Additionally, the partial replacement of meat with walnuts improved overall diet quality. Walnut consumption at 1-2 oz as a replacement for some meat may improve nutrient intake and diet quality across age groups.
本研究旨在评估采用剂量递增法用核桃部分替代肉类对美国常规饮食中营养素摄入和饮食质量的影响。采用具有全国代表性的 2015-2018 年全国健康与营养调查（NHANES）进行食物建模，重点关注非食用者，包括 2707 名儿童和青少年以及 5190 名成年人。核桃以剂量递增的方式替代肉类（每天 0.5、1、1.5 和 2 盎司的核桃分别替代 1、2、3 和 4 盎司的肉）。饮食质量采用 2015 年健康饮食指数的人群比值法进行评估。常用营养素摄入量采用国家癌症研究所的方法进行估计。采用非重叠的 95%置信区间确定显著性差异。在为儿童、青少年和成年人建模的饮食中，用核桃部分替代肉类可显著增加膳食纤维、镁和欧米伽-3 脂肪酸的平均摄入量，并显著降低胆固醇和维生素 B12 的摄入量。此外，用核桃部分替代肉类可提高整体饮食质量。食用 1-2 盎司的核桃来替代部分肉类可能会改善不同年龄段人群的营养摄入和饮食质量。
