Olmedilla-Alonso B, Granado-Lorencio F, Herrero-Barbudo C, Blanco-Navarro I, Blázquez-García S, Pérez-Sacristán B
Unidad de Vitaminas, Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain.
J Am Coll Nutr. 2008 Apr;27(2):342-8. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2008.10719710.
Diet and lifestyle are modifiable factors involved in the development and prevention of non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Nut consumption, particularly walnut intake, has been inversely related to incident coronary heart disease (CHD) in observational studies and to improved lipid profiles in short-term feeding trials.
To assess the potential functional effect associated with the regular consumption of walnut-enriched restructured meat products in subjects at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
A crossover single-dose bioavailability study (n = 3) using gamma-tocopherol as exposure marker and a crossover unblinded dietary intervention study (5 weeks) in subjects at risk (n = 25). Dietary intervention consisted of regular consumption of the meat product, with or without walnuts, five times per week for five weeks with a 1-month washout in between. Overnight fasting blood samples were collected on days 0, 12, 21, 28 and 35, coinciding with blood pressure and body weight recordings. Participants were asked to complete a diet record throughout the study. The functional effects were assessed using clinically relevant and related biomarkers of CHD: serum total, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triacylglycerols, homocysteine, vitamins B(6) and B(12), folic acid, alpha-tocopherol and platelet function test (obturation time).
The regular consumption of walnut-enriched meat products compared with that of the restructured meat products without added walnuts provokes a decrease in total cholesterol of 6.8 mg/dl (CI(95%): -12.8, -0.85). Compared to baseline (mixed diet), meat products with walnuts decreased total cholesterol (-10.7 mg/dl, CI(95%): -17.1, -4.2), LDL cholesterol (-7.6 mg/dl, CI(95%): -2.2, -13.0) and body weight (-0.5 kg, CI(95%): -0.1, -0.9) and increased gamma-tocopherol (8.9 mg/dl, CI(95%): 1.0, 16.8).
The restructured meat products with added walnuts supplied in this study can be considered functional foods for subjects at high risk for CVD, as their regular consumption provokes a reduction in total cholesterol of 4.5% with respect to baseline values (mixed diet) and 3% with respect to the restructured meat without walnuts.
饮食和生活方式是参与包括心血管疾病在内的非传染性疾病发生和预防的可改变因素。在观察性研究中，食用坚果，尤其是核桃，与冠心病（CHD）发病率呈负相关，在短期喂养试验中与改善血脂状况有关。
评估定期食用富含核桃的重组肉制品对心血管疾病（CVD）高危人群的潜在功能作用。
一项以γ-生育酚为暴露标志物的交叉单剂量生物利用度研究（n = 3），以及一项针对高危人群（n = 25）的交叉非盲饮食干预研究（5周）。饮食干预包括每周五次定期食用含或不含核桃的肉制品，持续五周，中间有1个月的洗脱期。在第0、12、21、28和35天采集过夜空腹血样，同时记录血压和体重。要求参与者在整个研究过程中完成饮食记录。使用CHD的临床相关生物标志物评估功能作用：血清总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、三酰甘油、同型半胱氨酸、维生素B6和B12、叶酸、α-生育酚和血小板功能测试（闭塞时间）。
与未添加核桃的重组肉制品相比，定期食用富含核桃的肉制品可使总胆固醇降低6.8mg/dl（95%CI：-12.8，-0.85）。与基线（混合饮食）相比，含核桃的肉制品可降低总胆固醇（-10.7mg/dl，95%CI：-17.1，-4.2）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（-7.6mg/dl，95%CI：-2.2，-13.0）和体重（-0.5kg，95%CI：-0.1，-0.9），并增加γ-生育酚（8.9mg/dl，95%CI：1.0，16.8）。
本研究中提供的添加核桃的重组肉制品可被视为CVD高危人群的功能性食品，因为定期食用相对于基线值（混合饮食）可使总胆固醇降低4.5%，相对于未添加核桃的重组肉制品可降低3%。
