Neonatal Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy.
Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy.
Nutrients. 2023 Oct 26;15(21):4546. doi: 10.3390/nu15214546.
Human Milk (HM) is a dynamic nourishment; its composition is influenced by several conditions such as gestational age, maternal diet and ethnicity. It appears important to evaluate the impact that gestational pathologies have on HM components and if their presence, as a source of oxidative stress in the mother, influence milk's redox homeostasis. To assess the effect of Preeclampsia (PE) and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) on some aspects of human milk redox homeostasis, we chose to investigate both oxidative and antioxidant aspects, with, respectively, Lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs) and Glutathione (GSH).
Women with PE, GDM and who were healthy were recruited for this study. Colostrum, transitional and mature milk samples were collected. GSH and LOOHs levels were measured using a spectrophotometric test. To investigate the effect of pathology on redox homeostasis, a mixed linear model with unistructural covariance structure was performed.
A total of 120 mothers were recruited. The GSH concentration results were significantly lower in GDM women than in healthy women only in colostrum ( < 0.01). No other differences emerged. LOOHs was not detectable in almost all the samples.
Our study is the first to extensively evaluate these components in the HM of women with these gestational pathologies. The main observation is that GDM can alter the GSH level of HM, mainly in colostrum.
人乳是一种动态的营养物质，其成分受到多种因素的影响，如胎龄、母亲的饮食和种族。评估妊娠病理对人乳成分的影响，以及它们作为母亲体内氧化应激的来源，是否会影响乳汁的氧化还原平衡，这一点似乎很重要。为了评估子痫前期 (PE) 和妊娠期糖尿病 (GDM) 对人乳氧化还原平衡某些方面的影响，我们选择研究氧化和抗氧化两个方面，分别用脂质氢过氧化物 (LOOHs) 和谷胱甘肽 (GSH) 来检测。
本研究招募了患有 PE、GDM 和健康的女性。收集初乳、过渡乳和成熟乳样本。使用分光光度法测试测量 GSH 和 LOOHs 水平。为了研究病理对氧化还原平衡的影响，采用具有单结构协方差结构的混合线性模型进行分析。
共招募了 120 名母亲。GDM 组女性的 GSH 浓度在初乳中明显低于健康女性 ( < 0.01)。没有其他差异出现。几乎所有样本都未检测到 LOOHs。
我们的研究首次广泛评估了这些成分在患有这些妊娠病理的女性的人乳中的情况。主要观察结果是，GDM 可以改变人乳中的 GSH 水平，主要是在初乳中。
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