Yamashita Yuuji, Shoji Yoshihisa, Yanagimoto Hiroko, Morita Kiichiro, Kodama Hideya, Tsuruhisa Yuuki, Ookawa Junji
Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan.
Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan.
Psychogeriatrics. 2024 Jan;24(1):25-34. doi: 10.1111/psyg.13036. Epub 2023 Nov 14.
For those outpatients who were consulted for memory loss, the Japanese version of University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT-J) was performed to examine olfactory function. In the same way, the revised version of Hasegawa Dementia Scale, Mini Mental State Examination, Clinical Dementia Rating and brain magnetic resonance imaging were used to investigate the cognitive function. In the present study, we evaluated the olfactory function of elderly subjects, including those with dementia, by means of UPSIT-J and we examined their characteristics.
The characteristics of dementia as Alzheimer type group (AD.G), mixed type group (MixD.G), vascular type group (VaD.G), dementia with Lewy bodies group (DLB.G) and the groups which had no dementia as low score group (LS.G), high score group (HS.G), and healthy group (H.G), were examined.
The numbers of olfactory discriminating scores (nODS) were significantly lower in all the dementia groups than in all the LS.G, HS.G and the H.G. No significant difference was observed in nODS between AD.G and DLB.G. The rate of nODS with less than five scores were as follows: AD.G (80.1%), MixD.G (91.5%), VaD.G (63.1%), DLB.G (89.6%), LS.G (50.8%), HS.G (18.6%), H.G (15.6%). A significant positive correlation was found between nODS and Hasegawa Dementia Scale and Mini Mental State Examination scores (r = 0.567, r = 0.532, respectively), which was significant negatively correlated for Clinical Dementia Rating (r = -0.578). A significant negative correlation was observed between nODS and Z score of voxel-based specific regional analysis for Z score of Alzheimer's disease (VSRAD) (r = 0.463).
nODS showed a significant correlation between cognitive function tests and brain atrophy level. These results indicate that UPSIT-J is considered a psycho-physiological index useful for the diagnosis and early detection of dementia.
对于因记忆力减退前来咨询的门诊患者，采用日本版宾夕法尼亚大学嗅觉识别测试（UPSIT-J）来检查嗅觉功能。同样，使用修订版长谷川痴呆量表、简易精神状态检查表、临床痴呆评定量表和脑磁共振成像来调查认知功能。在本研究中，我们通过UPSIT-J评估了包括痴呆患者在内的老年受试者的嗅觉功能，并研究了他们的特征。
研究了阿尔茨海默病型痴呆组（AD.G）、混合型痴呆组（MixD.G）、血管性痴呆组（VaD.G）、路易体痴呆组（DLB.G）以及无痴呆的低分组（LS.G）、高分组（HS.G）和健康组（H.G）的特征。
所有痴呆组的嗅觉辨别分数（nODS）均显著低于所有低分组、高分组和健康组。AD.G和DLB.G之间的nODS未观察到显著差异。nODS低于5分的比例如下：AD.G（80.1%）、MixD.G（91.5%）、VaD.G（63.1%）、DLB.G（89.6%）、LS.G（50.8%）、HS.G（18.6%）、H.G（15.6%）。nODS与长谷川痴呆量表和简易精神状态检查表得分之间存在显著正相关（分别为r = 0.567，r = 0.532），与临床痴呆评定量表呈显著负相关（r = -0.578）。nODS与基于体素的阿尔茨海默病特定区域分析的Z评分（VSRAD）的Z评分之间存在显著负相关（r = 0.463）。
nODS在认知功能测试和脑萎缩水平之间显示出显著相关性。这些结果表明，UPSIT-J被认为是一种有助于痴呆诊断和早期检测的心理生理指标。
