Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, SP, Brasil.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2023 Nov 10;118:e230086. doi: 10.1590/0074-02760230086. eCollection 2023.
The Amazon Region hosts invaluable and unique biodiversity as well as mineral resources. Consequently, large illegal and artisanal gold mining areas exist in indigenous territories. Mercury has been used in gold mining, and some has been released into the environment and atmosphere, primarily affecting indigenous people such as the Yanomami. In addition, other heavy metals have been associated with gold mining and other metal-dispersing activities in the region.
Investigate the gut microbiome of two semi-isolated groups from the Amazon, focusing on metal resistance.
Metagenomic data from the Yanomami and Tunapuco gut microbiome were assembled into contigs, and their putative proteins were searched against a database of metal resistance proteins.
Proteins associated with mercury resistance were exclusive in the Yanomami, while proteins associated with silver resistance were exclusive in the Tunapuco. Both groups share 77 non-redundant metal resistance (MR) proteins, mostly associated with multi-MR and operons with potential resistance to arsenic, nickel, zinc, copper, copper/silver, and cobalt/nickel. Although both groups harbour operons related to copper resistance, only the Tunapuco group had the pco operon.
The Yanomami and Tunapuco gut microbiome shows that these people have been exposed directly or indirectly to distinct scenarios concerning heavy metals.
亚马逊地区拥有宝贵且独特的生物多样性和矿产资源。因此，在土著领土上存在着大型非法和手工采金区。汞曾被用于采金，部分已释放到环境和大气中，主要影响到雅诺马米等土著人民。此外，该地区的其他重金属与采金和其他金属分散活动有关。
调查亚马逊地区两个半隔离群体的肠道微生物组，重点关注金属抗性。
将雅诺马米和图纳普科肠道微生物组的宏基因组数据组装成连续序列，并将其推定蛋白与金属抗性蛋白数据库进行搜索。
与汞抗性相关的蛋白在雅诺马米中是独特的，而与银抗性相关的蛋白在图纳普科中是独特的。两组共有 77 个非冗余的金属抗性（MR）蛋白，主要与多 MR 和具有潜在砷、镍、锌、铜、铜/银和钴/镍抗性的操纵子相关。尽管两组都含有与铜抗性相关的操纵子，但只有图纳普科组具有 pco 操纵子。
雅诺马米和图纳普科的肠道微生物组表明，这些人直接或间接地接触到了不同的重金属情况。
