Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Sci Rep. 2022 Jul 15;12(1):12102. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-16392-z.
The plasmids in gut microbiomes have the potential to contribute to the microbiome community, as well as human health and physiology. Nevertheless, this niche remains poorly explored. In general, most microbiome studies focus on urban-industrialized groups, but here, we studied semi-isolated groups from South America and Africa, which would represent a link between ancestral and modern human groups. Based on open metagenomic data, we characterized the set of plasmids, including their genes and functions, from the gut microbiome of the Hadza, Matses, Tunapuco, and Yanomami, semi-isolated groups with a hunter, gather or subsistence lifestyle. Unique plasmid clusters and gene functions for each human group were identified. Moreover, a dozen plasmid clusters circulating in other niches worldwide are shared by these distinct groups. In addition, novel and unique plasmids harboring resistance (encompassing six antibiotic classes and multiple metals) and virulence (as type VI secretion systems) genes were identified. Functional analysis revealed pathways commonly associated with urban-industrialized groups, such as lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis that was characterized in the Hadza gut plasmids. These results demonstrate the richness of plasmids in semi-isolated human groups' gut microbiome, which represents an important source of information with biotechnological/pharmaceutical potential, but also on the spread of resistance/virulence genes to semi-isolated groups.
肠道微生物组中的质粒有可能对微生物群落以及人类健康和生理产生影响。然而，这一领域仍未得到充分探索。一般来说，大多数微生物组研究都集中在城市工业化群体，但在这里，我们研究了来自南美洲和非洲的半隔离群体，这些群体代表了人类祖先和现代人类群体之间的联系。基于开放的宏基因组数据，我们对哈扎人、马泰斯、图纳普科和雅诺马米这四个半隔离群体的肠道微生物组中的质粒组（包括其基因和功能）进行了描述。确定了每个人类群体特有的质粒簇和基因功能。此外，这几个独特的群体还共享了在全球其他生态位中循环的十几个质粒簇。此外，还鉴定了携带抗生素耐药性（包括六种抗生素类别和多种金属）和毒力（如 VI 型分泌系统）基因的新型独特质粒。功能分析揭示了与城市工业化群体相关的常见途径，如在哈扎肠道质粒中表征的脂多糖生物合成途径。这些结果表明，半隔离人类群体肠道微生物组中的质粒丰富多样，这不仅是具有生物技术/制药潜力的重要信息来源，也反映了耐药/毒力基因在半隔离群体中的传播。
