Department of Psychology, Haverford College.
Neuropsychology. 2024 Jan;38(1):27-41. doi: 10.1037/neu0000921. Epub 2023 Nov 16.
The present research aimed to determine whether self-reports of early adversity predicted individual differences in self-reported and laboratory-measured executive functioning in college-aged samples.
Two studies with young adult samples ( = 231 and = 61) measured endorsement of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), self-reported executive functioning difficulties on the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), and self-report measures of depression and emotion regulation. The second sample also completed laboratory performance tasks of working memory, inhibitory control, and selective attention while electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded.
In both samples, greater self-reported ACEs predicted greater reports of executive functioning difficulties on the BRIEF (s = 0.378 and 0.322), relationships of medium effect size that remained significant when controlling for depression and emotion regulation variables. In the second sample, despite robust EEG/event-related potential (ERP) task findings in the group as a whole, neither lab task performance nor EEG/ERP measures were reliably correlated with individual differences in ACEs.
We consider multiple alternative explanations for why early adversity predicted self-reported executive functioning difficulties but not lab task performance or neural measures in the same sample. These findings may reflect a propensity for negative self-evaluation among those with early adverse experiences, leading to inflated estimates of their own executive function problems. Alternatively, the findings may indicate that the lab tasks are insufficient in tapping aspects of executive functions that are relevant outside the lab context. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
本研究旨在确定早期逆境的自我报告是否预测了大学生样本中自我报告和实验室测量的执行功能的个体差异。
两项针对年轻成人样本的研究（n=231 和 n=61）测量了不良童年经历（ACEs）的认可、行为评定量表的执行功能困难（BRIEF）的自我报告、抑郁和情绪调节的自我报告测量。第二个样本还完成了工作记忆、抑制控制和选择性注意的实验室绩效任务，同时记录了脑电图（EEG）。
在两个样本中，自我报告的 ACEs 越多，BRIEF 上报告的执行功能困难就越多（s=0.378 和 0.322），这些关系的中等效应大小在控制了抑郁和情绪调节变量后仍然显著。在第二个样本中，尽管整个组的脑电图/事件相关电位（ERP）任务结果稳健，但实验室任务表现和脑电图/ERP 测量都与 ACEs 的个体差异没有可靠相关。
我们考虑了多种替代解释，说明为什么早期逆境预测了自我报告的执行功能困难，但不能预测实验室任务表现或神经测量在同一样本中的情况。这些发现可能反映了早期经历不良的人自我评估的倾向，导致他们自己的执行功能问题的估计过高。或者，这些发现可能表明实验室任务不足以挖掘与实验室环境之外相关的执行功能方面。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2023 APA，保留所有权利）。
