Ma Ying-Ge, Yang Lu, Di Rui-Miao, Ma Nan, Qiao Li-Ping, Wu Yu-Hang, Zhou Wen-Xin, Zhao Xin-Hua, Zhang Yue, Sun Zhi-Hua, Chen Chang-Hong, Chen Xue-Jun, Lou Sheng-Rong, Huang Cheng
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Science, Shanghai 200233, China.
Henan Academy of Ecology and Environmental Science, Zhengzhou 450004, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2023 Nov 8;44(11):5986-5996. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202209093.
The characteristics and main factors of causes of haze in Zhoukou in January 2022 were analyzed. Six air pollutants, water-soluble ions, elements, OC, EC, and other parameters in fine particulate matter were monitored and analyzed using a set of online high-time-resolution instruments in an urban area. The results showed that the secondary inorganic aerosols(SNA), carbonaceous aerosols(CA, including organic carbon OC and inorganic carbon EC), and reconstructed crustal materials(CM, such as AlO, SiO, CaO, and FeO, etc.) were the three main components, accounting for 61.3%, 24.3%, and 9.72% in PM, respectively. The concentrations of SNA, CA, CM, and SOA were increased, accompanied with higher AQI. The sulfur oxidation rate(SOR) and nitrogen oxidation rate(NOR) in January were 0.53 and 0.46, respectively. The growth rates[μg·(m·h)] of sulfate and nitrate were 0.027(-5.89-9.47, range) and 0.051(-23.1-12.4), respectively. During the haze period, the growth rates of sulfate and nitrate were 0.13 μg·(m·h)and 0.24 μg·(m·h), which were 4.8 and 4.7 times higher than the average value of January, respectively. Although the sulfur oxidation rate was greater than the nitrogen oxidation rate, the growth rate of nitrate was approximately 1.8 times that of sulfate owing to the difference in the concentration of gaseous precursors and the influence of relative humidity. The growth rates of nitrate in SNA were significantly higher than those of sulfate on heavily polluted days. The values of SOR, NOR, and concentrations of SNA and SOA during higher AQI and humidity periods were higher than those in lower AQI and humidity periods. The O(NO+O) decreased with the increase in relative humidity. The SOA was higher at nighttime, increasing faster with the humidity than that in daytime. Under the situation of lower temperature, higher humidity, and lower wind speed, the emission of gaseous precursors of SNA requires further attention in Zhoukou in winter. Advanced control strategies of emissions of SO and NO, such as mobile sources and coal-burning sources, could reduce the peak of haze in winter efficiently.
对2022年1月周口市雾霾的特征及主要成因进行了分析。利用城区一套在线高时间分辨率仪器对细颗粒物中的六种空气污染物、水溶性离子、元素、有机碳（OC）、元素碳（EC）及其他参数进行了监测与分析。结果表明，二次无机气溶胶（SNA）、碳质气溶胶（CA，包括有机碳OC和无机碳EC）以及重构地壳物质（CM，如AlO、SiO、CaO和FeO等）是三个主要成分，在PM中分别占61.3%、24.3%和9.72%。SNA、CA、CM和二次有机气溶胶（SOA）的浓度升高，同时空气质量指数（AQI）也更高。1月份的硫氧化率（SOR）和氮氧化率（NOR）分别为0.53和0.46。硫酸盐和硝酸盐的增长率[μg·(m³·h)]分别为0.027（-5.89 - 9.47，范围）和0.051（-23.1 - 12.4）。在雾霾期间，硫酸盐和硝酸盐的增长率分别为0.13 μg·(m³·h)和0.24 μg·(m³·h)，分别比1月平均值高4.8倍和4.7倍。尽管硫氧化率大于氮氧化率，但由于气态前体浓度的差异和相对湿度的影响，硝酸盐的增长率约为硫酸盐的1.8倍。在重度污染日，SNA中硝酸盐的增长率显著高于硫酸盐。在AQI和湿度较高时期，SOR、NOR以及SNA和SOA的浓度高于AQI和湿度较低时期。O(NO + O)随相对湿度增加而降低。SOA在夜间更高，随湿度增加的速度比白天更快。在冬季周口市，在低温、高湿和低风速的情况下，SNA气态前体的排放需要进一步关注。对SO₂和NOₓ排放的先进控制策略，如移动源和燃煤源，可有效降低冬季雾霾峰值。
