Investigation of EDF evolution and charged particle transport in E × B plasma based negative ion sources using kinetic simulations.

A spatially varying transverse magnetic filter field (TMF) is present in an E [Formula: see text] B plasma-based negative ion source to improve negative ion yield. The TMF strength ranges from 1 to 10 mT, causing the plasma electrons to become magnetized while leaving the ions either unmagnetized or partially magnetized. As a consequence, plasma drift, particle trapping, double layer (DL), and instabilities are observed in a negative ion source. The transport of plasma through the TMF is influenced by these phenomena, subsequently affecting the energy distribution functions (EDFs) of both electrons and ions in the plasma. Measurement of EDFs in such systems is a challenging task due to the presence of a strong magnetic field. To address this, a 2D-3V Particle-in-Cell Monte Carlo Collision (PIC MCC) model is employed to study the spatio-temporal evolution of the EDFs separately for electrons and ions. The electron EDF (EEDF) remains Maxwellian, while ion EDF (IEDF) gradually transitions to non-Maxwellian as measurements are taken closer to the TMF region. The present study reveals that the IEDF is more sensitive to the operational conditions compared to the EEDF, as evidenced by the changes observed in both EDFs under different plasma operational conditions.