Cardiology Department, Benidorm Clinical Hospital, Benidorm, Spain; GRINCAVA Research Group, Clinical Medicine Department, University Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain.
GRINCAVA Research Group, Clinical Medicine Department, University Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain; Cardiology Department, Hospital IMED, Alicante, Spain; Cardiovascular CIBER, Madrid, Spain.
Atherosclerosis. 2023 Dec;386:117372. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117372. Epub 2023 Nov 3.
Cardiovascular risk increases during menopause, so the medical and scientific community should consider women's specific risk factors to prevent cardiovascular disease. This study aims to assess the risk factors for the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) exclusive to postmenopausal women.
We conducted a prospective cohort study in postmenopausal women aged 40 years and older, who were included in the UK Biobank cohort between 2006 and 2010 and followed to 2021 (12 years). A total of 156,787 women were followed for a median of 12.5 years (nearly 2 million person-years), and MACE risk was assessed using Fine-Gray competing risk models.
The cumulative incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality was 1.2% (0.97 cases per 1000 women-years). Not having taken birth control pills, not having children, and early menarche (≤12 years) were independently associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease that are specific to women include early menarche, not having taken oral contraceptives, and reproductive history, and this relationship is independent of classic cardiovascular risk factors.
心血管风险在更年期期间增加，因此医学和科学界应考虑女性特有的风险因素，以预防心血管疾病。本研究旨在评估仅发生在绝经后女性身上的主要不良心血管事件（MACE）的风险因素。
我们对年龄在 40 岁及以上的绝经后女性进行了前瞻性队列研究，这些女性于 2006 年至 2010 年期间被纳入英国生物库队列，并随访至 2021 年（12 年）。共有 156787 名女性被随访了中位数为 12.5 年（近 200 万人年），使用 Fine-Gray 竞争风险模型评估 MACE 风险。
心血管发病率和死亡率的累积发生率为 1.2%（每 1000 名女性年 0.97 例）。未服用避孕药、未生育和初潮早（≤12 岁）与心血管发病率和死亡率独立相关。
特定于女性的心血管疾病风险因素包括初潮早、未服用避孕药和生育史，且这种关系独立于经典心血管风险因素。
