Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
Department of Clinical Nutrition, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, PR China.
J Hazard Mater. 2024 Feb 15;464:132895. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132895. Epub 2023 Nov 2.
The extensive production and use of phthalates means that these compounds are now ubiquitous in the environment and various biota, which raises concerns about potential harmful health effects. In this study, phthalate metabolites (mPAEs) were measured in breast milk (n = 100) collected from mothers of southern China between 2014 - 2022. Of the nine target mPAEs, five were detected in all of the samples, including mono-methyl phthalate (MMP), mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP). The total levels of mPAEs in breast milk ranged from 4.76 to 51.6 ng/mL, with MiBP and MnBP being the predominant isomers (MiBP + MnBP > 48.3%). Increasing trends were observed in MMP (5.7%/year) and MEHP (7.1%/year) levels during the study period, while a decreasing trend were observed in MiBP (-6.6%/year); no clear temporal trends were found for the other metabolites and total mPAE levels. The results indicate that exposure to phthalates is still prevalent in southern China. Breastfeeding was found to contribute to estimated daily phthalate intakes of 0.383-6.95 μg/kg-bw/day, suggesting insignificant health risks to infants based on dietary exposure. However, the increasing exposure to MMP and MEHP calls for more research into the possible sources and potential risks.
邻苯二甲酸酯在环境和各种生物群中广泛存在，引起了对潜在有害健康影响的关注。在这项研究中，测量了 2014 年至 2022 年间中国南方母亲的母乳（n=100）中的邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物（mPAEs）。在所检测的 9 种目标 mPAEs 中，有 5 种在所有样本中均有检出，包括单甲基邻苯二甲酸酯（MMP）、单乙基邻苯二甲酸酯（MEP）、单异丁基邻苯二甲酸酯（MiBP）、单正丁基邻苯二甲酸酯（MnBP）和单-（2-乙基己基）邻苯二甲酸酯（MEHP）。母乳中 mPAEs 的总浓度范围为 4.76 至 51.6ng/mL，其中 MiBP 和 MnBP 是主要的同系物（MiBP+MnBP＞48.3%）。研究期间，MMP（5.7%/年）和 MEHP（7.1%/年）的水平呈上升趋势，而 MiBP（-6.6%/年）则呈下降趋势；其他代谢物和总 mPAE 水平没有明显的时间趋势。研究结果表明，邻苯二甲酸酯的暴露在中国南方仍然普遍存在。母乳喂养被认为是婴儿每天摄入 0.383-6.95μg/kg-bw/day 的邻苯二甲酸酯的原因之一，表明基于饮食暴露，婴儿的健康风险不大。然而，MMP 和 MEHP 暴露量的增加需要进一步研究其可能的来源和潜在风险。
