Department of Anatomy 2, Sapporo Medical University, S1 W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan.
Department of Health Sciences, Hokkaido Chitose Collage of Rehabilitation, 2-10 Satomi, Chitose, Hokkaido, 066-0055, Japan.
Anat Sci Int. 2024 Mar;99(2):183-189. doi: 10.1007/s12565-023-00749-z. Epub 2023 Nov 18.
The intra-articular popliteal tendon (iPT) is responsible for the dynamic stability of the posterolateral part of the knee joint. In this study, the involvement of the iPT in posterolateral stability in response to knee flexion was investigated anatomically. Thirty-one knees from thirty formalin-fixed room cadavers (17 male knees, 14 female knees; average age 86.9 years) were used. The knee was prepared with the distal 1/3 of the lower femur and crus and was flexed at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° in a special jig to limit knee rotation. The series of movements was plotted on the coordinate system using the Quadrant method. The iPT was in strong contact with a thick cartilage area, which we called the "popliteal eminence", at the lateral condyle of the femur. The average iPT angles with respect to the femoral axis were 28.78°, 49.79°, 77.74°, and 115.44° at knee flexion of 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°, respectively. The iPT was strongly associated with the popliteal eminence at 29.5° in Type I and 27.09° in Type II knee flexion. The iPT has been conventionally regarded as a secondary restraint of posterior movement, acting as a stabilizer. However, the iPT appears to work more positively on knee joint stability because it was in strong enough contact to create the popliteal eminence. The iPT supports the femur in the posterolateral region in mild knee flexion.
关节内腓肠肌腱(iPT)负责膝关节后外侧部分的动态稳定性。在这项研究中,从解剖学角度研究了 iPT 在膝关节屈曲时对后外侧稳定性的影响。使用了 31 个来自福尔马林固定房间尸体的膝关节(17 个男性膝关节,14 个女性膝关节;平均年龄 86.9 岁)。将膝关节准备好,包括下股骨和小腿的远端 1/3,并在特殊夹具中以 0°、30°、60°和 90°的角度弯曲,以限制膝关节旋转。使用象限法在坐标系中绘制了一系列运动。iPT 与股骨外侧髁上的一个厚软骨区域(我们称之为“腓肠骨隆起”)保持强烈接触。在膝关节弯曲 0°、30°、60°和 90°时,iPT 相对于股骨轴的平均角度分别为 28.78°、49.79°、77.74°和 115.44°。在 I 型和 II 型膝关节弯曲 29.5°和 27.09°时,iPT 与腓肠骨隆起有强烈关联。iPT 通常被认为是后向运动的次要限制,作为稳定器。然而,iPT 似乎对膝关节稳定性的作用更为积极,因为它与腓肠骨隆起保持着足够的接触。在轻度膝关节弯曲时,iPT 支撑股骨在后外侧区域。