Intraoperative Challenges of the Kinematic Knee.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a widely accepted surgical procedure for managing end-stage knee osteoarthritis. Among the various TKA techniques, kinematic alignment has gained increasing popularity as it can potentially restore a more natural joint function. However, despite its theoretical advantages, kinematic total knee replacement presents several operative challenges that necessitate a thorough understanding and analysis of patient-specific anatomy during surgical planning and execution. This review article aims to critically evaluate the operative challenges associated with kinematic TKA and explore potential strategies to optimize surgical outcomes. The challenges encompass multiple aspects including patient selection, preoperative planning, bone cuts, soft tissue balancing, and component positioning.