Hinkley R E, Wright B D
Teratology. 1986 Dec;34(3):291-301. doi: 10.1002/tera.1420340309.
The volatile anesthetic halothane, when present at fertilization, dose-dependently increases the incidence of abnormally developing sea urchin embryos at the first cell division. Microscopic examinations of eggs stained with aceto-orcein or the DNA fluorochrome bisbenzimide and direct observations on isolated sperm aster complexes show that halothane induces polyspermy (multiple sperm entry) when present at fertilization. Experimental evidence suggests that anesthetic-induced polyspermy involves impairment of both the fast (electrically mediated) and slow (morphological) blocks to multiple sperm entry. These observations clearly show that relatively brief exposures to halothane at fertilization cause polyspermy and that this effect is almost certainly responsible for the ensuing abnormal development observed at the first cell division.
挥发性麻醉剂氟烷在受精时存在时，会以剂量依赖的方式增加海胆胚胎在第一次细胞分裂时异常发育的发生率。用乙酰洋红或DNA荧光染料双苯甲酰亚胺对卵子进行显微镜检查，以及对分离的精子星体复合体进行直接观察，结果表明氟烷在受精时存在会诱导多精入卵（多个精子进入）。实验证据表明，麻醉剂诱导的多精入卵涉及对多精入卵的快速（电介导）和慢速（形态学）屏障的损害。这些观察结果清楚地表明，受精时相对短暂地接触氟烷会导致多精入卵，而且这种效应几乎肯定是导致在第一次细胞分裂时观察到的随后异常发育的原因。
