Nessler R, Demberg H, Nunez G
Prakt Anaesth. 1979 Jun;14(3):242-9.
Experience gained in 3500 supraclavicular innominate vein punctures for catheterization of the superior vena cava with the indirect technique is explained and discussed. The innominate vein is easily accessible in every state of blood circulation, even intraoperatively when the patient is covered by drapes. The thrombosis risk is reduced because of the wide lumen and the straight course of the vessel (vena anonyma dextra). The special advantages of the indirect technique are the small puncture trauma and absence of false positions. The only important complication observed during an average infusion time of 8 days was pneumothorax at a rate of 1.4%.
阐述并讨论了采用间接技术进行3500次锁骨上无名静脉穿刺以实现上腔静脉置管的经验。在各种血液循环状态下，无名静脉都易于触及，即使在术中患者被手术单覆盖时也是如此。由于血管腔宽且走行直（右无名静脉），血栓形成风险降低。间接技术的特殊优势在于穿刺创伤小且无错误位置。在平均8天的输注时间内观察到的唯一重要并发症是气胸，发生率为1.4%。
