Population Health and Demography Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea.
UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
BMJ Glob Health. 2023 Nov;8(11). doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013308.
The COVID-19 pandemic had an unprecedented impact on global food security, but little is known about the impact on food security at the household level. We examined the prevalence and socioeconomic demographic factors for household food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Papua New Guinea.
Household socioeconomic demographic data from the Comprehensive Health and Epidemiological Surveillance System were collected from six main provinces in 2020 (37880 participants) and compared with the 2018 data (5749 participants). The prevalence of household food insecurity was estimated and stratified by household socioeconomic demographic characteristics. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to estimate adjusted OR (aOR) and 95% CI of risk factors.
The overall prevalence of household food insecurity increased from 11% in 2018 to 20% in 2020, but varied across provinces, with the highest level reported in Central Province (35%) and the lowest level in East New Britain Province (5%).Food shortages were 72% less likely among urban residents than those living in rural areas (aOR 0.28 (95% CI 0.21 to 0.36)). The risk of food insecurity was 53% higher among adults aged 25+ years with primary education (grades 3-8) than those with university education (aOR 1.53 (95% CI 1.09 to 2.13)). People from households in the poorest wealth quintiles were 80% more likely to report food shortage than those from the richest wealth quintile (aOR 1.78 (95% CI 1.29 to 2.45).
The study provides evidence to develop policy and intervention to deal with food insecurity in emergency situations in the future.
COVID-19 大流行对全球粮食安全造成了前所未有的影响，但对于家庭层面粮食安全的影响知之甚少。我们研究了 COVID-19 大流行期间巴布亚新几内亚家庭粮食不安全的流行情况及其社会经济人口学因素。
从 2020 年六个主要省份的综合卫生和流行病学监测系统中收集家庭社会经济人口学数据（37880 名参与者），并与 2018 年的数据（5749 名参与者）进行比较。根据家庭社会经济人口学特征估计家庭粮食不安全的流行率并进行分层。采用多变量逻辑回归估计风险因素的调整比值比（aOR）和 95%置信区间。
家庭粮食不安全的总体流行率从 2018 年的 11%上升到 2020 年的 20%，但在各省之间存在差异，中央省报告的水平最高（35%），东新不列颠省报告的水平最低（5%）。与居住在农村地区的人相比，城市居民粮食短缺的可能性低 72%（aOR 0.28（95%CI 0.21 至 0.36））。与受过大学教育的人相比，受过小学教育（3-8 年级）的 25 岁及以上成年人的粮食不安全风险高 53%（aOR 1.53（95%CI 1.09 至 2.13））。来自最贫困五分之一财富家庭的人报告粮食短缺的可能性比来自最富裕五分之一财富家庭的人高 80%（aOR 1.78（95%CI 1.29 至 2.45））。
本研究为今后在紧急情况下制定应对粮食不安全的政策和干预措施提供了证据。
