Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
The Mary & John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada.
J Ovarian Res. 2023 Nov 20;16(1):218. doi: 10.1186/s13048-023-01307-x.
High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most common and aggressive subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer, characterized by gain-of-function TP53 mutations originating in the fallopian tube epithelium. Therapeutic intervention occurs at advanced metastatic disease, due to challenges in early-stage diagnosis, with common disease recurrence and therapy resistance despite initial therapy success. The mevalonate pathway is exploited by many cancers and is potently inhibited by statin drugs. Statins have shown anti-cancer activity in many, but not all cancers. Here, we investigated the role of p53 status in relation to mevalonate pathway signaling in murine oviductal epithelial (OVE) cells and identified OVE cell sensitivity to statin inhibition. We found that p53 mutant and Trp53 knockout OVE cells have increased mevalonate pathway signaling compared to p53 wild-type OVE cells. Through orthotopic implantation to replicate the fallopian tube origin of HGSC, p53 mutant cells upregulated the mevalonate pathway to drive progression to advanced-stage ovarian cancer, and simvastatin treatment abrogated this effect. Additionally, simvastatin was more efficacious at inhibiting cell metabolic activity in OVE cells than atorvastatin, rosuvastatin and pravastatin. In vitro, simvastatin demonstrated potent effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration in OVE cells regardless of p53 status. In vivo, simvastatin induced ovarian cancer disease regression through decreased primary ovarian tumor weight and increased apoptosis. Simvastatin also significantly increased cytoplasmic localization of HMG-CoA reductase in ovarian tumors. Downstream of the mevalonate pathway, simvastatin had no effect on YAP or small GTPase activity. This study suggests that simvastatin can induce anti-tumor effects and could be an important inhibitor of ovarian cancer progression.
高级别浆液性癌(HGSC)是上皮性卵巢癌最常见和侵袭性的亚型,其特征是在输卵管上皮起源的功能获得性 TP53 突变。由于早期诊断的挑战,治疗干预发生在晚期转移性疾病中,尽管初始治疗成功,但常见的疾病复发和治疗耐药。甲羟戊酸途径被许多癌症利用,并且被他汀类药物强烈抑制。他汀类药物在许多(但不是所有)癌症中显示出抗癌活性。在这里,我们研究了 p53 状态与鼠输卵管上皮(OVE)细胞中甲羟戊酸途径信号之间的关系,并确定了 OVE 细胞对他汀类药物抑制的敏感性。我们发现,与 p53 野生型 OVE 细胞相比,p53 突变和 Trp53 敲除 OVE 细胞中甲羟戊酸途径信号增强。通过原位植入以复制 HGSC 的输卵管起源,p53 突变细胞上调甲羟戊酸途径以驱动进展为晚期卵巢癌,而辛伐他汀治疗消除了这种效应。此外,辛伐他汀在抑制 OVE 细胞代谢活性方面比阿托伐他汀、罗苏伐他汀和普伐他汀更有效。在体外,辛伐他汀在 OVE 细胞中无论 p53 状态如何,都对细胞增殖、凋亡、侵袭和迁移具有强大的作用。在体内,辛伐他汀通过降低原发性卵巢肿瘤重量和增加凋亡来诱导卵巢癌疾病消退。辛伐他汀还显著增加了卵巢肿瘤中 HMG-CoA 还原酶的细胞质定位。在甲羟戊酸途径的下游,辛伐他汀对 YAP 或小 GTP 酶活性没有影响。这项研究表明,辛伐他汀可以诱导抗肿瘤作用,并且可能是卵巢癌进展的重要抑制剂。
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