Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), S.S. 673, Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), S.S. 673, Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
Food Res Int. 2023 Dec;174(Pt 1):113620. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113620. Epub 2023 Oct 25.
Carotenoids and Tocols in six genotypes of Triticum turgidum ssp. durum, five of Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum, four of Triticum aestivum ssp. aestivum, and six of Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta were investigated. The aim of the present study was to identify, quantify, and compare the content of tocopherols, tocotrienols, and carotenoids in different primitive and modern genotypes of wheat species in order to evaluate the lines with the highest content and possibly use them for selection and breeding programs. The Triticum durum group showed the highest mean content of total carotenoids, with lutein being the most abundant, accounting for 80.12 % (Triticum spelta) to 86.65 % (Triticum turgidum) of total carotenoids. Among the genotypes, Line 6 (Triticum durum) had the highest lutein content (12.17 μg g), significantly differing from the lines within its group and the other groups of dicoccum, aestivum, and spelta.Triticum dicoccum exhibited a lower average content of total tocols compared to other Triticum species. The tocols profile showed a prevalence of tocotrienols over tocopherols. β + γ-T3 was the most abundant individual tocol isomer in all Triticum genotypes, contributing for 50.40 % (Triticum ssp. aestivum) and 42.50 % (Triticum spelta) of the total content, respectively. The highest β + γ-T3 content (23.83 μg/g) was found in Line 6 of Triticum durum. Correlation, principal component, and cluster analyses revealed positive correlations between total tocols and β/γ tocotrienols, significant differences between various groups of the same species, formation of six clusters labeled as I to VI, and the identification of genotypes from the same species grouped in different clusters.
六种硬质小麦（Triticum turgidum ssp. durum）、五种二粒小麦（Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum）、四种普通小麦（Triticum aestivum ssp. aestivum）和六种斯佩耳特小麦（Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta）的六个基因型中的类胡萝卜素和生育酚进行了研究。本研究的目的是鉴定、定量和比较不同原始和现代小麦品种中生育酚、生育三烯酚和类胡萝卜素的含量，以评估含量最高的品系，并可能将其用于选择和育种计划。硬质小麦组显示出总类胡萝卜素的最高平均含量，其中叶黄素最为丰富，占总类胡萝卜素的 80.12%（斯佩耳特小麦）至 86.65%（硬质小麦）。在这些基因型中，Line 6（硬质小麦）的叶黄素含量最高（12.17μg/g），与同组和其他二粒小麦、普通小麦和斯佩耳特小麦组的其他品系有显著差异。二粒小麦的总生育酚含量平均较低。生育酚谱显示生育三烯酚比生育酚更为普遍。β+γ-T3 是所有小麦基因型中最丰富的个体生育酚异构体，分别占总含量的 50.40%（普通小麦）和 42.50%（斯佩耳特小麦）。硬质小麦 Line 6 的β+γ-T3 含量最高（23.83μg/g）。相关性、主成分和聚类分析表明，总生育酚与β/γ-生育三烯酚之间存在正相关，同一物种的不同群体之间存在显著差异，形成了六个标记为 I 至 VI 的聚类，并鉴定了来自同一物种的不同聚类的基因型。
